I 



IlIBRARY OF CONGRESS.* 






.((?.ie. 



I UNITED STATES, OP AMERICA. J 



A fiRIEF 

TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL 

MANUAL 

OK Tin; 



EXHIBITING 



The Situation and Bnundarios of the several Counties— tlie Cities, Towns, Mnuntfiins. 

Lakes, Rivers, Creeks, &ie. in each— the Villages, and other places within the 

limits of each Town— distances from the Scat of Government, k.c. 



AND DESIGNATING 



The paincipal Places and the seat of the Courts, ^-c. in each Cmtnty—tlie places in wUidt 
Post-OJices are kepi — tlie Incorporated Villages, ^c. 



SECOND EDITION— ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 



CONTAINING, ALSO, 

AN ACCOUNT OF THE GRAND CANALS,: 

THE 

Population of each Town and County — the situation of the FiSASCf, 

Pnoi'ERTf, and other Publick Concerns of the State— with 

much other Statistical matter. 







NEW-YORK : 
PUBLISHED BY E. BLISS AND E. WHITE, 

No. 128 Broadway. 

PRINTED BY D. FANSHAW, 

JNu. 20 8lc>tc-Lanc. 

18S2. 



EXPLA.NATION. 

1. The column under the word "Towns" contains all the toivns legally 
constituted and incorporated in the county. 

2. The column imdcr the words "Villages, Uc." contains the villages 
and other places (if any) in the county, placed against the toim, tvithin the li- 
mits of ichich they are situated. 

3. The figures next on the right hand of the towns show the number of 
inhahit;ints in such towns. 

4. The fij^ure 1 at the left hand of a town, village, or other place, in either 
column, shows that to l>e th«' most cnnsidernlih place in the counly — figure 2 
lire next — and figure 3 the nexts in like order: — taking into consideration, as 
well the situation and puhlick business, as the wealth, populousness, buildings, 
accommodations, and tr^de of such place. 

5. This mark "[inc.]" placed al the right hand of a village, shows it to be 
incorporated, and declared such by law. 

6. The other names in the column headed " Villages and other places," 
which are printed in Jtalich letters, are the names of considerable compact set- 
tlements, considered and known by common consent and custom as Villages, 
though not declared such by law. 

7. COURTS. The places where the Courts are held in each county are 
designated by an asterisk, thus "*," placed immediately on the right hand of 
such places. 

8. CLERKS' OFFICES of the several counties are usually kept at one or 
the other of the shire or court towns : \* But where it is known they are 
■not, the place Avhere they are kept is i/esig-naterf by the letters "(C.C. O.)" 
placed next on the I'ight hand of such place. 

9. POST-OFFICES are kept at those places Avhich have a dagger, thus 
" -^j" placed also on their right hand. 

10. The figures of the last column, on the right hand of the whole page, ex- 
press the number of miles the. place against which they are set is distant from 
ALBANY, the Seat of Government — reckoning on the shortest p'ach'co6/e 
iravelling route. 

[See Index at the end.] 



District of Neti'-Yorlc, ss. 

BK IT KEMEMBKRED, That on the 28tb day of February, in the forty-sixth year of the In- 
dependenre oflhc United States of America, STERLl?iG (iOODENOW, ofthe said District, hath 
deposited in this Oliice the titleof a isook, the right whereof he claims as author and proprietor, in the 
words following, to wit: " A brief Topog-raphical and Statistical Manual of the State of New-York : 
exhibiting the Situation and boundaries of the several Counties — The Cities, Towns, mountains. Lakes, 
Kivers, Creeks, ^c. in each — The Villages and other places within the limits of each town — Distances 
from the Seat of Government, kc. — And designating the principal V'l<ices, and the seat of the Courts, 
i.c. in each county — The iiiaces in which. I'ost-Offices are kept — The incorporated Villages, &c. Se- 
cond Edition, enlarged and in^proved — Containing also, an account of the {jrand Canals: the popu- 
lation of each town and county : the situation ofthe Finances, JJjoperty, and other publick'concerns of 
the State; with much other Statistical matter." • ' ^ 

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United Slates, entitled, '' An Act for the encoUfage- 
nicnt of Learning, by securing the (;opies of Maps, Charts, antl Books, to the Authors and proprietors 
of such Copies, during the times therein mentioned ;" And also to an Act, entitled " An Act, supple- 
mentary to an Act, entitled An Act for the encouracremenl of Learning, by securing the Copies of 
Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the times therein 
nientioiied. and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Engraving, and Etching His- 
torical and other Prluts." 

TAMES DltL, Clerk of the District of ffc-x-York. 



V 






I'HKFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 



The first o.lilion of the Ni'W-York Manual liaviriR hot-n favourably rcr.u- 
pd bj tbf piibluk, I >^lu)ultl lout; siiiro havi- maiiifistetl m> |;ratitude by issu- 
ing an improved .ditiuii, but for a pressurr of other toiiceriis, and a dfsire to 
embrace in it tin- C'.nsus of \S10. I nou submit to liu- puldick an edition, 
which I h:ive found it more dillicult and l.d.oiious to prepare than it wouJd 
have been to follow the advice of publishers and others, and to cnmpde a 
ponderous volume. The gre.it increase of the divisious of l.rritury. the pro- 
gress of improvement, r.u(t other imp(U-tant chan-es since 1811, have vastly 
aiiKnier.ted the mass of matter which p' ro.ius to t!ie subjects ol the work. It 
is much easier to describe at len-lh, and to write over many jki^cs. than to 
compress matter, and still render it clear and full. But it having, from the 
first, been my great obiect, as stated in the conclusion of the ^Mistical part, 
to render the' advanlages of the state more known to all, and to put it in tho 
power of thousands of our (iwn citizens, who have not much money or time 
to ^pare for books or study on such dry details, to understand i)retty lully the 
situation and affairs of the state in a little time, and for a trifling sum — 1 have 
rejected all suggestions of adding maps, hundieds of pages, or binding. Maps 
of the Slate are now seen every where— book-making is foreign liom my de- 
sign—and abound book could not so well be carried in the pocket like a news- 
paper or almanack, as this is intended to be, whenever it is desirable I look- 
ed only to use, onvenieuc-, and economy : for fact., thus conden.-ed and 
presented, in their results, m a strong light, are n.or. easily and dislinctly re- 
membered or recollected than long descriptions of them. Tin. world, I be- 
lieve, feels the inconvenience of knowied;;e and ideas being scattered througli 
millions of mightv volumes. It has co.sf me too much time, however to 
crowd the seeds of books, as it were, into a thin pamphlet I have also found it 
difficult, sometimes impossible, to ascertain many ittle common facts with 
precision ; and my top<.graphical information from Lne, Genesee, Tioga, and 
Herkimer, has not been so minute as I evjiected. , r . 

But 1 assure tlie publick, I shall use all means in my power to render future 
editions, if called for, as perfect as possible. I believe this is correct in the 
way in which anv fact is stated, to the close of l^-Jl, and may be relied on. 
Calculations and'conjectur.s P.re acc(.mpanie(l by the reasons for them. 1 have 
striven to make, the account of the Grand C.nals, and the grounds of their 
expected valu.- to the community, as minute and full as possible in so briet a 
sketch • which, with other new matter and tables, has compelled me to delay 
the publication, an.l to increase the uiiMib.-r and size of the pages and price 
accordingly. I have als(. added a full Inokx of all iiarnf.t and suhjccls in Uie 
work. An Eiplnnalion of the columns, marks, figures, and whole arrange- 
ment of til" Tou',<rraphiral part, is pltced on tlie preceding page. 

Haviii- no ambition of authorshii>, I omitted fo insert my name m the for- 
mer edition, except in the cerlilicate of copy-right ; which (as many suppose) 
cave occasion ffu- some shufulnr mistakes and mis faleinents In order that 
no one should bear anothei'^ burdens, I subscribe my name to this preface. I 
have now only to reiuler, in this general way, my cordial thanks t<. several 
correspondents in dinVrent parts of the state, for the g.e tt assistance they have 
afforded me; and to add, that I shall be equally grateful for any further in- 
formation or correetions, which may enable me to make the >lanual more 
worthy of publick favour. STEIILING GOODEiNOW. 

.Yew-York, February 30//t,. 1822. 



IXT1]101>\ICT0UX ^lE^JSlA'RlS.^. 



X HE following Tables, and part of the plan of their arrangement, were ori- 
ginally made for my own use only. The reasons and necessity for them, be- 
ing the same to an individual as to the piiblick, will be sufficiently understood, 
when [ shall have explained, in the course of these remarks, the general use 
and convenience of this Manual. When I had partially executed my original 
design, several persons wishing for copies, and suggesting the great conve- 
nience such a kind of pocket Register, or verbal map, as it were, might be to 
the generahty of readers, travellers, and men of business, I enlarged and im- 
proved the plan, and undertook to collect sufficient facts to make it full and 
correct. The time and pains necessary to be spent in doing this, however, 
have been greater than was at first imagined, and the publication was, conse- 
quently, long delayed. 

The great extent of this State, the number and variety of important posts 
and situations it contains, as well as the flourishing commerce, agriculture, and 
manufactures, which its rapid settlement has suddenly exhibited to the world, 
all tend to render its topography not only interesting, but very different from 
that of most other states, and difficult to be well understood even by its own 
and oldest inhabitants. The rapidity of its settlement and improvements has 
so far outstripped a swift legislative career of municipal regulations, and of 
local and territorial arrangements, that even a thorough knowledge of all the 
statutes of this State would by no means enable a person to understand all 
its divisions and subdivisions — much less to tell tvhcre, or within what county 
or town, many of the well known and estabbshed settlements and villages are 
situated. 

Hence arises another difficulty, almost peculiar to this State, namely, that 
of several places bearing the same name : — for although the legislature very 
properly made an attempt, in 1808, (and at sundry times since,) to give 7jeu> 
names to all those totvns which had a name previously appropriated to some 
other town, the re^medy, even in that n^spt ct, was not quite complete ; and, 
after all, it was found that so many places within the limits of sundry towns 
had taken and retained the name of the town from which some of their inha- 
bitants have migrated, or for which some of them have a fondness, that we 
still have neighbourhoods, settlements, post-offices, and villages, named several 
times over after older towns and villages. These not being towns of them- 
selves, but wholly contained within the limits of some town corporate — which 
has (for all purposes of elections, state and county affairs, assessment of taxes, 
maintenance of the poor, Stc.) a distinct and differtnt name, they remain un- 
altered by the legislature. Many of these villages and places will, as popula- 
tion and wealth increase, be erected into separate towns ;* but, if they should 

* Such has already been the case with Lansingburgh, Ulica, Athens, Itliaca, Salina, Wa- 
terford, New-Lebauon, Lyons, Saratoga Spiinc;s, Osweg-o, New- Baltimore, Lewiston, 
Saugerties, Sand Lake, Fort Edward, Colesville, Pleasant Valley, and Hyde Park, which 
have been taken from the towns of Troy, VVhitestown, Cattskill, Ulysses, Onondaga, Half- 
moon, Canaan, Sodus, Saratoga! Hannibal, Coxsackie, Cambria, Kingston, Greenbush, 
Berlin, Argyle, Windsor, and Clinton, and erected into distinct and separate towns by their for- 
mer village-names. But the villages i.f Auburo, C(H)perstown, Geneva, Ogdensburgh, Sandy- 
hill, New-Harlford, Sag Harbour, Setauket, Moniicello, Little Falls, Peekskili, Skanea- 
teles, Rochesterville, Syracuse, Clinton, and many other considerable places, are all within 
the limits of, and belong to, towns having other and different names — which is the reason of 
their not being found in the returns of votes, electors, inhabitants, osieiiaients, valuations, &c. 



IMRODLCTORY REMARKS. 5 

Ihair^hvh?:^]''*,,? 'IV*"' ^^•"^""•"««' th« difficulty Hill rather be increased. 
namVslv. ?' ^ ^"'^h c.rcun.stances. And, as these places acquir.d then* 

sue ...n T."^''' '"■ '"'"•'''''■ '^^^'" '^"- ''-iii^l-tun- t., interpose to do away 

sucn contusion. It is irrt;! n v in lie r.Mr,.,.ff ,i .1. ♦ • •' ••"•ijf 

lee-i«lniir..« l.-.v. . '■'■'"'> 1"»'h if^nt-tt.d, that mi /(o/him^ any neio town, 
legislatuus ha^e permitt.d lli.. adoption of a nam.- which had hi-.-n ahvadv 
approprmted to aiuj p ace in the I'nif.d ^1 .... • c .1 . • •«" '»a> 

1 • -^ ('••<».« III Mil I linen rMatt'.s : lu • the lowns niic^ miuI vil- 

Tn^ZTtJ\nJJ T ''V^'"'"!-/'l'«olu..|y necssary, in doinj; b.iMiiess with 
citl Tou ^ '/^'.^'■"'f; .n wran.gs and di.vctions, th.- s/«/e, as w. II as the 
Ct) town or village Hut ,t .s very rcn.aikahl,- and strange that any one 
State should allow or <».o or more incorporated towns, within ttetorv 
beano;; the same or nearl^ph. same name: yet we slill have in this S 
btamlord" and " Sta»lord," and - Charleston'' and "Charlton," Hrmns eld 

«^ ' Iv '" '^' pi' '""" "T'^ •''^" "^"•'•i^«"." t"o named " Concord," and 
"o Keedom. These might easily be rectified by prefixing the word Vtm 
to the present name, or adding nllc, br^r^n, or the likl. But: witiu.u gc^^g 
into a total and thorough leiormation, ,t will be dimeult wholly to avoid the 
occurrence of mistakes on account of the near rcsn^blance there I in the umd 
and appearance of such names as the following : Genesee and Geneseo • O e- 
go, Otsego, and Otisco ; Owego and Oswego ; Le Roy and Le Ray Cavu 
ga and Cayuta ; and Plattsburgh and Prattsbui-h ^ ' ^ 

2''-^olkrrVl ?''' "'' Tr' ^^ '^"""^^ ''"^■^' ••"•^" "^'"T^^d by towns situ- 
tbe V'nii t r xf ' ""*' ""^ "'■""'^^' ''^ ♦""■"^ "'^^ ''> '"^^«' counties-Thus. 

n^m^H r/"^/''^'^""^^^"""''^' <^'"'"^*"' Courtlandt, and Sullivan, were so 
Keh/'-^ w''7r-7'"''''"'''''V''' ^'"•^"'"'^ "«'"•'« iu the counties o Orange, 
/^^l.orvl"^^ ''7 «•■'""' '^Vl^i^V"-''"'' '^'•''"''-•'^- C««'"i/ contains the 

Tf Rn J \'t '"""^-^' ^''" '^'"" "'■^/f"''^" ; ^"llivan county, the L^«. 

o( Rockhnd; and Essex county, the <.,,„ of Lewis; u hui, last mentioned 
SIX owns were so named afirr there were counties erected by the .«me n^es 

lawn rVS/^y ■'' u-^'r"^"'"'' "A ^'^'""'''■'^'' -f '•""/'■''■" ■^m\Ton.pkins in De- 
Ch;nl;f rv'" '" ^^^^'""Ston, /?,cAmom/ and .9...c« iu Outari,, Greene in 
Chenango, C/K««n«-o m Broome, .,n,l Co/»m/.,a and fiurren in Herkimer. 
strT. 'ers'^.d I'^ "n'"" -'^ 'T^"'''' '' ^••■'•(''•■^i"K and troublesome not only to 

n!^,'dln7rel r T '" l'"' ''%''"' ''"^ '" '^^ "" " '^"''•""^ '•'"d inhabitants, I 
nu d not remaik. I have heretofore noted these circumstancrs to members 

Vru^ t^, ?' '*"'^' !"«"«■ '"Stance, I took the liberty, in the winter of 

1810, to propose to a member of the Asnuibly, ih., ,he totvn of Tio^n, bein- 
in /froome eoun y, and having within itself the village of Owego,(whSe on the 
opposite side o the n-eek and in the county of T^, ,ay ,heL •„ of Owego.l 

W o. r^V" r^^-'..'""'.''-';-. P"*. '"'■''•■''"^ '^ ^^•■^^ considered (as the sub- 

tot.c oi b' t ," ' ';'"'"'''^' '"■ ''^ '""">■) --'' ^"" "•■'^'''' -d unimportant 
to occupy the attention of any one, much less that of the Legislature. But so 

hJi'ril'''!r'r, '"'''■';■''"'''• "'">•' '•>• ""' '-'••■r-'sion of which I have 
been speaking, utterly lose the title of lands, the collection of a debt, the arrest 
01 a run-away, goods sent by carriers, or information containe.l in i.lt.Ts or 
packets m.s-seut or misdirected. In 181 .-3, however, the Legi.slature ./ij alter 

'« ?»ew Vb nns e-.. ■'.''^^"^";*"'' '"'^^- "'" ^'f I"-' "'"' i' ^vas passe.l and or<l.-re<l I,, be i-..ffr..sscci 
had pas" J X roun ilnf r" "• '"^T"' "''"'""'"' '*" ''*• '""""d i< I lempsi,,,,/ ouU,\iWr it 



(? INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

the name of Owego to that of Tioga, and Tioga to Owego, leaving- the village 
of Owego in a town of its own name, and the town of Tioga in the county of 
Tioga. 

AND FIRST— 

This variety and confusion of names and situations renders it further neces- 
sary in the (ransaetion of business to designate not only the Slate, but always 
the County, and sometimes (where a village is meant) even the t 'own, if the 
place in view be in the State of New-York* And to ascertain all this, is im- 
possible to most people, without the help of a Directory or Manual of the 
kind I have prepared. This, therefore, was the_^/-s< object of my original 
Tables : and on inspecting them and considering the plan, I found I could em- 
brace a variety of other objects of equal convenience. Accordingly, I pro- 
ceeded to designate, by a particular mark, (as noted in the Explanation, page 2,) 
the scat of the Courts in each County — the places where there is any Post- 
Olfice — which are the places of the first notoriety or importance in each county 
— the distance from the Seat of Government to most of the towns or villages— 
and the number of inhabitants in each county and town, &lc. And I hope the 
convenience of the plan will not be found less than the use of the Tables : inas- 
much as it presents all these facts to the eye at one view, instead of leaving 
them to be looked for,one by one, through sundrj^ pages; and exhibits, asitwere, 
a geographical skeleton of the State by Counties. I could devise no other plan 
■nhich would give so much information in three times as many pages ; nor could 
it in a different mode be obtained in thrice as much time. 

In addition to the above named objects, 1 concluded to add the boundaries of 
each county, which would show at once its relative situation and all the coun- 
ties to which it lies contiguous ; and to these I superadded the rivers, lakes, and 
streams — the bays and harbours — the mountains,&ic.by which the natural advan- 
tages of each county for commerce ; for navigation and other uses of water ; for 
air, climate, agriculture, he. could the more easily be imagined. So that with 

* JVames of Places. — Notwiilistanding all the Legislature has done on the subject, the 
confusio7i and similurily of names increase ; and it is made still more embarrassing to the 
people by the Post Office Department at Washington. Among many instances, I will only 
mention, that the villages established by law in this Stsitc, by the names of '' Binghamton" 
and " Esperance," are, by the P. M. General, called Chenango Foiiit and Scoliarie Bndge. 
And some of our loose and indefinite names, and names taken from neighbouring states or old 
and celebrated countries, (which my limits do not permit me to set forth at length) add greatly 
lo the perplexity. We have Sardinia and Italy, Denmark and Norway, and even Russia 
and China, all in this .state. We have candour, summit, hope, harmony, and other abstract 
terms converted into names of towns ; and maij yet have (airness, base, love, and melody 
equally pen-erted. We have a pair of Baths, iMancliesters, Romes, Auroras, Johnstowns, Sic. 
and the names of " Hamilton, Washington," and " Union Village" are spread over the state 
as " plenty as blackberries." Yet it is as easy to form a new name as to find an old one not 
already in use among us ; as any one may see, who will observe the different names of places 
in this state formed with the single word fVest — at \casl eleven already. And the gretU incon- 
venience daily occasioned by the present situation of the state in this respect, has induced 
many to hope and believe that the Legislature will yet attempt a relorm. A gentleman had 
a ItJltor addressed to him .it Croton in the town ol' Courtlundt in West Chester county, called 
in the Post Office books Courtlandl Tmvn : it did not reach him, and was supposed to be lost 
or purloined — and the important information did not arrive in time to be of any use. 
Three months afterwards it arrived from " the droopmg West," "here it ha<l been sent on a 
pilgrimage, (not to Mecca, but to .^^o^1achy, or the war of names,) because there is a village 
called Courtlcndt village in Cmirtlandt county ! 

There ought to be no town or village in any one county by the same or a similar name 
with another county, town, villaice, or place. Would not tlie inhabitants of the s«vra^ places 
bearing the same name, if the Legislature should recommend it to their consideration, mu- 
tually arrange this matter, and all, but one place, take other names.'' In ilu- last law incorpo- 
rating the village latelii called Union Village in Rensselaer county, thai name is properly dis- 
carded, and " jXassdic" sulistituted in its place ; though, as this is the name of the whole 
territory of the town of Nassau, it would be better to have assumed an cniirelij different or 
new name, as the inhabitants of" Hamilton," in the town of Madrid, have more wisely done, 
by discarding the name of Hamilton, and substituting Waddington therefor. A thorough re- 
form on this point throughout the state would be alike useful and important to our own citi- 
zens, and those of other states and coiuitries who have friends or business in this. 



INTRODUCTORV REMARKS. 7 

the use of a pajjc or half |>a;;c, any person can, in a few minutt-s, obtain a con- 
siderably minute knowledge oi'thi- gfograpliiral situation, topography, and civil 
divisions and settlements of any county ; and in a day or two, ol' the whole 
st;ite. 

Whether ever so great and well digested a collection of such m'lnntv, perhaps 
trilhiig kiiowli'dge, could deserve to hi- |)uMished e\en in a small book, some 
persons may probahly question. Certainly any out tingle fact in this Manual 
— as the exact situation of a certain pl:ice — whether there be a post-oflke in any 
particular town or place -whore the Courts in this or that county are held — 
whether there be legnllij any such town as the one in ([uestion, or whether it 
be only a village or other place with a dislinct acquired name, kc. — seems a 
very simple linng and a trivial in<iMir\. But, although there is scarcely a citi- 
zen who will not want, twenty tinies a year, toascertain some one of these (acts, 
which may be of considerable consequence at the time, yet he will seldom bo 
able to do so till such knowledge has ceased to be to him important. And it 
is not unfreipiently the case that these kinds of compilations (to make which is 
the business of " every body and nobody," and therefore seldmii undertaken) 
prove of more real publiek service and utility than many other works which it 
might be both pleasant and reputable to compose. 

Yet I hesitate not to risk this publication, because I deem statistical and to- 
pographical accounts of any portion of a country of no inconsiderable impor- 
tance, both in a historical and political point of view. And I have observed, 
with regret, the general apathy which prevails in our country on the subject of 
collecting and embodying/fl/"/* and informaiion of tliis nature, while visionary 
and speculative essay -> and writings, as well on statisticks and history, as on 
politicks, are sought for w ilh so much avidity. 

The advantages which the political and literary world derives from such 
works as those of Sir John Sinclair, will be acknowledged by the statesman 
and historian at least. And the Tal)les of >Ir. Blodget, and Mr. Coxe's " View" 
of the U. S. although not either so full or minute as to give distinct views of 
particular states, deserve even yet more commendation than they have receiv- 
ed. [The excellent and more copious publications of Mr. Pitkin and Dr. Sey- 
bert on the ^,tatisticksof the United States, have appeared since the above re- 
marks were tirst published, and are valued in a degree somewhat nearer their 
great use and merits than such works formerly were. Tlieir details, however, 
relate ckiejly to commerce and revenue.]* 

* In prepariiiff my first edition, in 181 1, I had added some illiislralions of the peal import- 
ance of works more lull and pariiciilar, like Sir .Jdiin Sinclair's, in slating llic al)ility and 
means of each state, county, to\vn,andsetilenieiii, to liirnisli not only subjects ol commerce and 
materials lor maimraciMes, Imi nrm< uikI muuinons of war, and llie subsistence ol armies : — 
And, 1 had abke<l, in caM- war >lioul<l ever be ilic lot ol Ihu L'nilefl Slates, of whni immense 
advantage would ii not be to iht- War Ueiiarlinent, and especially in the calculations and 
contracts of I'urveyors and Comniis-iaries, to have belore it, as well, tables and statenicnls 
of tJie numl>er, quality, and aumunl of the horses and other caltle, and ol' all kinds ol'inaiiufac- 
tures and natural and agricultural pnxluclions (for any given year or years) in any and er-enj 
portion of our country where it mighl be necessary to cailhe, equip, or subsist armies — as of 
the local siiuation, slate ol the roads, and channels of traiis|)ortation, and relative dis- 
tances of places, to or throuuh which it mighi become necessary or convenient to di- 
rect tbeir march r (a) But iearuig it might be deemed an impertinent digression, or 
swell llie work beyond my prescribed limits, I struck it out of the copy. Vet, ere 
one year had elapsed, war was declared, and \ rciceived a Cirrular from ihe U. S. Pur- 
veyor ol Public Supplies, rciiuesiinsr minute infonnation relative to many of these and 
some other particulars in this stale. Ii was not llim |>ossiblc l<>r any iiuliviJual, or publiek 
body, or oiiicer, (nor would it be ev>ii now,) very iully or salislactDrilv to comply. In 
common wiili others, whal lads I possissed or could collect, I imparled. But it is now LnowTt 
to the world howdehcieni was our knowledge and polic> in this behalf, and how expensively 
and lamely otir proseeution of the war hobbled on through W.Vl and l;J. The disasters ol 
that period shou(d leach us herealier lo have the knowledge ol our means and sircnglh, and 
trhere ami in vluU proportion they are lo be lookeil for, vluiiily tffure its. It would by lio 
means be just to lay all our losses and failures iu ilic early part ol tliat war, to the account 

(a) Early in Ihe lii«t war, nn ortter wn« sent from some of Uie Dfpartinents, rilrecling a lake vessel 
lo proceed lo a founder} in 0»andn[;a llolliiw, there lo load with cannon shot nnil shells, niid thiia to 
jirocecU lo Home io Oneida county, and there discharge said cargo ' '. 



8 IISTTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

But such a mass of information as the works of Coxe, Blodget, and others, 
\vere designed to give, I have not attemj)ted to embody in these few pages — it 
would have destroyed my two-fold secondary object, brevity and cheapness. 
Few of the thousand little particulars of the date of the settlement of places, 



of incompeient rulers and generals of that day, or to some dissatisfaction among the people 
and a pai'tial wantot concert or union ot views in our councils. The complete success of our 
little navy bears strong testimony to the great advantage of knowing how and tvhere all 
supplies are to be procured, and whither exertions can most effectually be directed. If the 
course ot" ships is naturally easier than the ni.irch of armies, so much the more is it requisite 
(o know the exact situation of every part ot the territory: and, our country' was as capablet-of 
supplying sufficient armies as the navy, had provident measures been as early adopted for the 
land as lor the sea service. 

The event having made me regret that I struck these considerations from my first edition, 
it behoves me to consider the propriety of restoring them in this; and when, on recurrence to 
letters 1 received since that period from sundry publick agents, I find tiie plan I was then 
about to suggest supported by the judgment of those who were then in a lair situation to appre- 
ciate the utility of it, (and approved in express and decisive terms by llie Purveyor of Publick 
Supplies,) I hope I may be excused im saying, that it could not but conduce to great national 
convenience, to establish, at the seat of Government, a Piililkk OJice for the collection, deposit, 
and digestion, in order and (orm,ofall sucii information as Is alluded to in the foregoing ob- 
servations. Except for the comtiltdiorMl necessity of equalizing the representation in Con- 
gress, it is all quite as important as a r^ turn of the number of inhabitants in the Union. And, 
although it might be done in some sort in the offices of one of the heads of the Departments, yet 
it would be vastly better attended to, and more complete and useful, if committed to a. separate 
officer, whose .'■jicnV/ duty it should be to have all uch materials well arranged, properly classed, 
and intelligibly digested. For this purpose a separate and distinct office, or a branch of one of 
the Departments, seems quite as proper and necessary as a Patent Office. 'J'he returns and de- 
tails in relation to a partofthe.se subjects, which some of the individual states are preparing, 
are not :n the power olthe national government: and if they were, (and they will probably 
be made publick, or transcripts obtained,) still similar inlbrmation from the neio states and ter- 
ritories is yet more important, as occasions for having recourse to it much oftener occur in 
those parts of the Union than elsewhere. The enormous expenses of the recent expedition 
lo the Council blulTs, and the suHttrings of some of the troops at that post for want of good 
supplies, are sufficient to confirm this remark. And when the extension of our territory to 
Cape Florida and across the rocky mountains to the Pacifick Ocean, our occupation of the 
mouth of Columbia river, and the difficulties we may possibly have with other nations in 
that quarter, are duly considered — the idea of making provision for obtaining the most 
particular topographical and statistical knowledge of the whole of our country, which our 
situation and circumstances will admit, and for a suitable ojjice and competent officers to 
digest and preserve it, is strongl}' fortified by the past experience of this and all older nations. 
Similar views, no doubt, as well as the extension and protection of our frontier settlements 
and the Indian trade, entered into the policy of government in undertaking expeditions for 
exploring sundry rivers anil portions of the country west of the Mississippi and around the 
Great Lakes. And, as such a mass of matter as these expeditions, and future surveys, cen- ^ 
suses, travels, &ic. must necessarily form, might, I should conceive, be more than it is conve- ' 
nient or consistent with other important duties of the Secretary of War or of State ; an office, 
of the kind, here humbly suggested, would give greater value to die facts collected, by 
bringing them together at a single point and in a clear and digested form, for the use and 
easy inspection of every branch and officer of government and their agents, and others whose 
interests or curiosity might render such information either necessary or desirable. At the 
same time it would not less subserve the purposes of geography and the cause of American 
education and learning generally, than that of internal tonimcrce, natural history, and na- 
tional policy and improvement — inasmuch as very interesting and valuable publications 
might, under publick authority or permission, be occasionally issued from such a magazine of 
materials. The travels of Pike, Lewis and Clarke, and Schoolcraft, have been of much 
service, although embracing too much territory to be full or minute on many points. One 
would suppose we have already experienced inconveniences and losses enough, from calcu- 
lations, projects, and expeditions founded, or in some measure proceeding, on loose or exag- 
gerated accounts, vague information, or mere conjecture. A reliance in all publick measures 
(as well as in foreign commerce and revenue) on nothing but ocAiw/ returns, mimde and exact 
details, and specijick facts, w hich such an establishment would soon place within the reach of 
the government, would be found, in the result, as good policy as it is true economy. 

The well remembered exhortation of the immortal Washington — to preserve peace, bepre- 
pared for war — a principle of policy so eloquently enforced by the amiable Fenelon in the 
14th book of Teleniachus (a) — is not more salutary or economical in reference to the preser- 
vation of peace than of independence and national prosperity. To prevent the ncces-sity of 
relying on other nations for revenue or employment, learn to employ yourselves, and that 

('«>— Car le vrai moyen d'^loigner la ruciTe et de eonserver une longue pais, c'est de cuUiver les 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS GOVERNMENT. [) 

lUe number of houses, character and ufciipalicma of the inhahitants, soil and 
productions, face of the country, seasons, |>ros|»ects, piiblick huihiin?;s, schools, 
roads, bridg«'s, curiositit-s, local coninicrcc, niannfacturts, agriculture, flocks 
and herds, wealth, ice. could conic within the small compass of my plan. The 
publications of the .Xew-Vctrk Misioricai Society iiave allorded considerablein- 
formation on the topoj^rapbica! and statistical history of some parts of tlie state. 
But the anticipations of Dr. Miltir, expressed twenty years ago in his Retro- 
spect of the loth century, were not in «»// degree re!di/,ed, till the ai)pearanco 
of Mr. SpafTord's Gazetteer of this state, in ll!l:J ; which, though not the most 
judicious in its arrangement, nor very clear and happy in its style, gave the pub- 
lick a great and valuable collection of the various particulars abo\e mentioned. 
A new and improved edition of this usi^ful woik is in preparalitm, which, with 
tile advantage of the Returns of a new State Census of various household manu- 
factures, and of horses, sheep, and cattle, as well as of the Electors, (now near- 
ly comjtieted,) will doubtless give a very minute and full view of ihe situation, 
Avealth, and improvt;ments of the State of New- York— indisputably the most 
interesting portion of the Union. 

SECONDLY. 

To pursue tin- mine immediate purpose of these remarks, I ought j)erhaps 
to state some reasons which have governed me in the further arrangement and 
execution of my j»lan. .\nd — 

1. The division into Counties was not less natural than convenient. The 
people are represented by counties in tiie lower branch of the Legislature,* and 

pmplo)'ment will soon produce ample moans to pay lor il.s ciicoureTflffinent and protection. 
Or, in other words, to prevent the surprise anil eniharrassin<!nl oC .'i total failure ol" revenue 
from abroad, live as if th'it revenue had already ceased. If revenue constitute " ilie sinews 
of war," what sort oi' jtrcparalion is it, which leaves those sinews to be cut off by ihe very de- 
claration of war itscll? 

But to know when and bj- what degrees such a sound policy <"'"^, with propriety, l)e intro- 
duced, a /ireciA-eJinowlcde^eol'ilie amount of fonsumption and supply ot all ariiclcs of neces- 
sity, convenience, or ornnment, required in a country; and alsool l\\e actual amount produced 
ill it, as well as what it could |,roduce it sufliciently encouraged ; is absolutely requisite in 
all rational plan>^ of policy or finance. And if all such necessary details of the present re- 
sources, skill, and ability of this country to sustain itself m all things, were collected in one 
view, statesmen would no longer f<onbi, that a system of national policy and revenue might 
be commenced, which, at no d/stant day, would render us truly independent of the rest ol the 
world — and leave our councils uiiNliackled by the awkward necessity of putting all statements 
of our fimincial affairs in a lio)y-d;i\ dress ; or hy the political dread ol asking asmall additional 
€ontribulion//-OTn mrr.ia'ves to make u|i defieicncies, which are the natural consequences of our 
own improvidence ^c^ Our resort, ilien, to l()reign countries would be voluntary in the gti- 
\crnment as weli as individuals ; iind at such times and places, and lor such things only, as 
prolil, convenience, taste, or i>leasurc should dictate. 

''<■>) 'Vtten lliP f^M of the U. fi. whirli uai but jf20,570,r.27 in jnil-l'J, has run up to 5;03,42"),C05 at 
(he rlos?oll82l, nn'! w<! !'«*'■ 'o liorrow milliun.s iiunually to suppml the governnienl, is'it not lime to 
Ihink of somi wav of escitping tlie Uritish '• Blessiiiu" of a piiblifU ilcbt and inability to |>ay even the 
interest of icwilhoui liorr.iwinp .' I love not to dwell on gloomy prospfcts: but let those reflect witli 
complacency on iK- pre-ont state and course of our finaDces, who can— »<m ego. 

• GovKBviKNT. — This docs not fall strictly' within the first objects of this work ; yet it 
may be useful to observe, that the Legislature consists of a Senate and .\sscinbly. The ^s- 
semhln new consists of l^G members annually elected, as slated further on in the Table of 
Population ; but, by the Ainendeil Coiistiliitioii, after this \e;«r it will consist of 128 members. 
The Scnafjt is composed of 3'i members, lour from each of the following U districts, into which 
ilie state is divided. After tlic first election, one from each district is to be elected onnual- 
Iv, viz. 

\i,t District — The counties of .Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Richmond, and New-York; lG2,7j8 
inhabits nl-^. 

2d — West-Chester, Putnam, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland, Ulster, and Sullivan ; 169,007 
inhabitants. 

3f/ — Greene, Columbia, Albany, Rensselaer, Schoharie, and Schenectady ; IGa,58-4 inh.i- 
bitants. 

■Ult—SnrMogi, Montgomery, Hamilton, Washington, Warren, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, 
and St. Lawrence ; 16.'i,3.0O inhabitants. 

:«r/i.— HorkinicT; Oneida, Madison, Oswego, Lewis, and Jcllcrson ; lC>5,r.52 inhabitants. 



10 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS NAMES, bit. 

not by Towns, as in New-England — most of tho publick concerns, which do not 
conic within the general and imnitdiate province of the Legislature, are con- 
ducted by the Counties as separate communities — each County has a separate 
civil commission and list of i>ul)lick olFicers— and therefore each County may 
(in a comparative sense) be ccmsidered as an independent and distinct depart- 
ment. Accordingly this is the division and distinction most commonly used 
in speakinj; of the different parts of the State. 

£. Tile //-st sub-division is into Towns, including the Cities, which for most 
general purposes, are considered in the sanii- class :* These towns are from 
2 or 3 to t), 8, 10, or [.'j miles scjuare, or more, as the circumstances and settle- 
ment of their territory may render most proper ; and they frequently embrace 
villages and other places which have, in common and constant use, different and 
distinct names. And the number of such places is increasing. Some spot 
favcnn-able for manufactures, or for the transaction of mercantile or other busi- 
ness, suddenly becomes populous ; and, if remote from an earlier settled or 

Cth — Delaware, Otsego, Chenango, Broome, Courtlandt, Tompkins, and Tioga ; 169,18C 
inhabitants. 

7</i — Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Ontario; 103,505 inhabitants. 

;>;/i_Sieuben, Livingston, Monroe, Genesee, Niagara, Eric, Allegany, Cattaraugus, and 
Chaiitanque ; 155,000 inhabitonis. 

The Governor and Lt. Governor are to be elected biennially by the people at large. 
The latter is presiding officer of the Senate. 

Judicial Power. This is vested in — 1, The court for the trial of Impeachments, and the 
Correction of Errors, composed of the Senate, Chancellor, and Judges of the Supreme Court — 
2, The Court of Chancery — 3, The Supreme Court, now 5, but hereafter to be only 3 Judges 
— 4, Circuit Courts, not less than 4 nor more than 8, to be established by the Legislature — 
.5, Courts of Common Pleas, and General Sessions of the Peace in each county — 6, Mayor's 
Courts in Albany, Tioy,and Hudson — 7, A Marine Court in New- York — 8, Justices' Courts 
— and 9, The Couil of Probates (1 Judge) at the scat of Government, and a Surrogate in 
each county. 

Members of Congress. As new districts are to be made before a new election, it would be 
useless to set forth the present districts. The State will send 34 Representatives. 

' I have printed the names of towns and other places as 1 deemed most correct after con- 
siderable examination and study. Courtlandt and Quilderlandt should no more be spelled 
Cortland and Gilderland, than Schaghticoke should be Skaltecook, or Hamilton HamWeton 
— although some persons choost' to pronounce the latter asifwriUcn thus. Kortlandt was 
probably the original spelling ; but, it il^e French Conn have usurped the place of the Dutch 
Kort in'the tirst syllable, that seems no good reason why wt should retain the C and omit 
the U, or murder the last syllable altogether. It should be Coio/landl or A'oWlandl, or else 
Shortland at once in plain English. Neither should French printV.)^ or pronunciation, nor 
English rapidity of sound, cause us to write Canandarq for Cananda'.gua, or Chetoque and 
Chetok for Chauiauque, or to say Cocknewogger and Shinnecock, instead of Caughnawaga 
and Shinnecaugh — merely because Chateaugay was a French settlement, and properly called 
Shattogai, or because we have turned Daughsladah and Saughquada, Sahdequada, or Saugh- 
quoit (Indian names) into Dockstedder or Doxtedder and Sockvvoii Overslaughmight as well 
be written Orerslaw and pronounced Overslok. The spelling of Ogluiuago is believe* also to 
be the most correct at this day. For although Lay's Map calls it CooArquago, and SpafTord 
and Eddy write Oquago ; yet I think the Indian characteristicks ff/i should no m<n-e be wholly 
omitted (as they vary not the pronunciation) than the regiment otletters we find in some au- 
thors should be retained. Judge Marshall writes Anoquaqua, Gen. Washington, Onongua- 
gua, (a little confounded with Onondaga,) and others Ononquago. Mr. Jetlcrson calls the 
rribe which gave it a name " Aughquaghas,' preserving the characteristicks ^h throughout, 
with the French An for O. The place, it would seem, should be called Oghquagho, or 
" Oghquago," as 1 have printed it. But Mr. Allen, in his American Biog. Diet, speaks of 
•' Onohoghgvvage, or as it is sometimes written, Oughquaugha, on the Susquehannah river." 
Mr. .Tefferson also calls what (by a French Ch and the omission of some letters) we have 
reduced to Chenango, " Utsanango." And " Cashingtou" on one map, and " Kushichtun"on 
another. Is what is 7imc more correctly written Cochecton. 

Some persons frequently make mis'takes by adding the syllable JYeto to such towns as Dur- 
ham, Canaan, Marlborough, &ic. — also by improperly adding the syllable town, as Phelps- 
town, Catherinesiown, Lyonstown, &ic which are " Phelps" " Catherines," and " Lyons," 
only : Some again omit it improperly, as Philips, Elizabeth, Orange, &ic. instead of Philips- 
town, Elizabcthtown, Orangetown, &ic. as they shoi/ld be written. Mr. Spaffbrd thinks the 
town should always be omitted ; but when the law of the land has Jijced the name, whether 
"Beekraan" or " Beekmantown" pleases us best, 1 think it should be " so set down," as it 
may be necessary to adopt €i(c/i name tor diffa-ent places, as is now the case with Beeknuin 
nnd others 



»,IVIL niVISIUNS AND POPULATION. I I 

more noted part oftlit'same town, rt'(|iiiifs a separate nam*-, as miicli as if an 
imaginary line sundi red it iVuin the ti rrilonj of the town. And if it did not 
require or ilisirvc a distinct name, still so joni; as it hus one in common and gen- 
eral use, and is liy sitrh name distim^uislitd from uliier |j!aees, it is as iiecissnrj/ 
to kiKiw iihal and wlurr sucli plact- is, as if it were formally named hy law. 
And therefore where a town of larj;e extent lias in it a \illa;;e of the sdinr name 
wilk itstrlf, as Johnstown, it is some times cs.ienltiil (and always safest) to dt- 
sifrnalc the villusc of the same name, ir//i(// he the place intended : as otherwise 
the person oi' thin;; mij;ht he supposed to he in the \ilhit;e of Caii-^hnawaga, 
or in some farming or other part of the town, some miles distant from either. 

3. Hence the second snh-division into '* villages, kc." which in ont' column 
includes all the villagis and other places and posts which have accpiired a dis- 
fiiict name. All these places are set directly against the town in whieii they 
are situated ; and 1 have dislinguisind ,\\\ those plates \vhich have from 15 to 
20 houses compactly situated, as rilUiij^fs, finther designating such of those vil- 
lages as are incorporated as hodies politick. In making these distinctions I 
may and most prohahly have omitted to designate some places in the newer 
counties as villai!;rs which are coiisideraliU' eniiuj:;h to deservi- that name ; but 
these omissions can he hut few. And of other places still fewer, I helieve, that 
deserve to he mentioned, ;ire omilttd. On the other hand, there may he a few 
names put down, which some may jierhaps think should have heen discarded. 
But all places that may he named, or spoken of, or referred to, in the publica- 
tions of the day or in pnhlick proce( dings,* should be located in their proper 
town or corporation — more especially, if in or near cities an«l towns of great 
notoriety and resort. On this account I hiov put down the islands and other 
places in and near New-Vork, Long-Island, the Highlands, Niagara Falls, kc. 
And history has rendered it imp(ntant to designate th<! local situation of for- 
tresses and other military posts which have at any time heen established in the 
State. 

On the whole, I cannot but have some hope that this Manual will answer 
most of the purposes proposed. And as one ohjeet was to exhibit the improve- 
ments and increasin;; strength, resources, and importance of the state more ful- 
ly than it has heretofore been done in so brief a sketch, the following facts, es- 
timates, and views are added. 

CIVIL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION. 

In I7r}l this State contained 10 Counties and only .OO.aOl souls — in 1771 
same Counties and 163,S3J! souls — in 1700, 12 Counties and ''23«,iJ9f> souls — 
1791, sixteen Counties and 310,120 souls— and in K.OO, thirty Counties, 305 
towns (including 3 cities) and :'><';t;,000 iidiabitants. In IGll the State contained 
about 300 vill.iges, of from 15 or "10, but generally from 30 or 10, to 000 houses; 
4.'jsi towns (inchidinjr + cities :) 15 ("ounties ; and (in lolO) 95!»,0 1!) inhabitants ; 
giving an increa.se of 15 Counties, 147 towns, and .371,000 people in the pre- 
ceding ten years ' 

In 1821 then- were f5 15 similar villages ; 013 towns including the 5 cities ; 55 
counties; and (in I1J20,) l,372,i!H inhabitants — giving an increase froni 1810 
' to 1820, of 315 villages, 101 towns, 8 counties, and 413,703 inhabitants If The 
number of free persons of colour is 29,273. 

• In the original M-Ulcment of lli<- Slate, various Patents, Pinrliase.';, Manors, and Tracts 
wore survpyeii into Ifrtmialiips, wliiili were in most inslanres marked an<l iiiinil>erfd in Kangcs, 
Alloiineiiis, i:c. Some of ilicio. Iiciwfvcr, were ilexifrmii^il l>y «'»;«•'» ; and thosi- not yet 
miicli iMlial)iled retain sucli u.ini<s, partinilarlv in liie " OW Militarv Trael," in Kssox, 
Franklin, fiintdii, and St. Laurence counties. These town.sliips or small tracts of land arc 
all included tiiiliin llie limils, and arc jHtrt of some of ibe incorporated ttninn uaiiicd in llm 
Tal>les of those counties. 

t CiTiFS Asn Vii.i.AOKS. — Albany is the Seal of Government ; and the principal places in 
ilic stale, with their population, in 18-0, are the following, viz. 



12 MILITIA AND MUiMTIO>S OF WAR. 

Slaves.— In 1771 there wfere 19,;383— l«,90ti m 1786—21,324 in 179g— 
20,613 in 1800—15,018 in 1810— and only 10,088 in 1820. After 1827, Slavery 
in this State ceases for ever by law. 

Excess of males. — In 1790 there were 1 1 ,638 more males than females in the 
State ; and 24,067 more in 1820 ; when therH were 174,254 more males in the 
jvhole Union, than females. [In Ohio 24,817 excess of males — in Vermont 253 
diflFerence, and that the other way ; while the excess of females in Connecticut 
is 5,567, and in Massachusetts 12,230.] 

Employment. — The number of persons empU)yed in this State, in commerce, 
is 9,113; in manufactures 60,038 ; and in agriculture 247,618 — foreigners not 
naturalized 15,101.* 

Electors. — By thercturns of the State Census of 1821, it appears that there are 
100,490 freeholders to the amount of ^250 and upwards — 8,985 do. to g50 and 
do. — 93,035 male persons not owning fieeholds but renting tenements to the 
yearly value of $5, and upwards — and 50,877 do. not owning freeholds nor 
renting tenements, but paying taxes, doing militia duty, or exempted, &c. 
Total 259,387 entitled to vote under the amended Constitution, if quaUficd by 
sufficient residence. 

MILITIA a7id MUNITIONS of WAR. 

In 1809 the militia of the State regularly enrolled amounted to 102,068. In 
1820, Infantry 111,749, Artilllery 7145, Light do. 800, Cavalry 1,142, and 2 
brigades not returned, supposed 4,000 — in ail 12i,836. But the returns from 
the artillery were imperfect, and from the cavalry still more so. In 1821 up- 
wards of 3,000 cavalry were returned. The whole number enrolled in 1820 
was probably about \30,0Q0—ge7icraUy well equipped. 

Arsenals, Uc. These are established at New-Vork, Albany, Rome, Platts- 
burgh, Malone, Elizabethtown, Russell, Watertown, Onondaga, Canandaigua, 
and Batavia; and Magazines at New- York and Albany. In these, and on Gover- 
nour's Island, Staten-Island, and Long-Island, there were (Jan. 1, 132l)belong- 
ing to the State — the following, viz. 

Ordnance, 125 brass and 129 iron pieces— 254 in all ; 4 morters ; 2 eprou- 
vettes, 21,790 cannon-shot; 545 shells; 1,008 rounds of cannister-shot, 897 
do. strap do. 7 caissons ; 21 tumbrils, kc. 

^rmsj&ic— 30,473 muskets ; 29,372 bayonets ; 29,122 ramrods ; 588 rifles ; 
222 pr. horseman's pistols, 639 swords and cutlasses ; 19,964 cartridge boxes 
and belts; 17,089 bayonet belts; 16,881 do. scabbards; 6 kegs flints; 680 
tents; 742 camp kettles ; 5,895 knapsacks ; 58 bass drums ; 185 snare drums. 
203 flfes ; 33 bugles ; 199 stands of colours ; &cc. 



New York . . 123,706 Hudson . . 2,900 
Albany . . 12,630 Newburgh . 2,877 

Troy • ■ . 5,260 Canandaigua . 2,100 

Brooklyn, with the > ^ ,, Auburn . . 2,0i;4 

Navy Yard, 5 ■^'*'" Lansinffl)ursli . 1,700 
Schenectady . . 3,949 Rocliesterville . 1,502 
Poughkeepsie . 3,101 Sackoti's Harbour ), „,_ 

Ulica . . . 2,'J15 Z>f«V/esA.&.N'yP'"^'^' 

Johnstown, Manlius, Watertown, "V^'hitesborough, Saratoga-Springs, Batavia, Cherry 
Valley, Herkimer, Sag-Harbour, Athens, Baliston'Spa, Salina, Onondaga, Rome, Goshen, 
Homer, Waterloo, Plattsburgh, Oxford, Bath, Whitehall, Peekskill, Cazenovia, Sandy Hill, 
Jamaica, Salem, Norwich, Oswego, and some other flourishing villages, containing each 
from 450 or 300 to 7 or 800 inliabitants. (D See the Table of the Progressive Pomda- 
tion of the Slate by Counties at the close of these Statistical remarks. 

* The total population of the VnUed States ami Territories in 1820, was 9,637,990, of which 
tnn ':°"'^'"'^'' '■'^''' part. The free irhite population of the U. S. and T. was 
i^« o Vwt*'L^^'"*^'' ^*'^* ^°'"'' <<Jn':''ned more than l-6ih part :— Engaged in commerce 
72,397— N. York l-8th :--in agriculture 2,063,499— N. York nearly l-8th :— in manufac- 
*ures .549,247— N. York more than l-6th :~and foreigners not naturalized 53.655— N. York 
mf^rf than l-4th. 



Caltskill 


1,443 


Geneva . 


1,337 


Kingston . 


1,1C3 


Buffalo . 


1,100 


Ogdensbuigli . 


959 


Waterlbrd 


950 


Ithaca 


859 


Cooperslown . 


783 



MANUFACTtUES. lo 

,inununition, k^c. -;178 hlils. of powder ; 3!; half do. do. 010 (|uartcr casks do. 
35ilboxfsofcatrid;^tsfoiimiskt;ts;.i..k<';;s do. fordo. -iGlio.xcs pistol cartridge — 
46,000 nuiskrt t•;u•I^id!:e^s; See. Bi titles a ^;rf;it varioty and i|oaiility of oIIhm" ne- 
cessary ((jiiiijut'iits, l«u)is, and iiii|)l<Mii(iits ofuar Miitabk- lor tin- aliovi — gun 
carriagis, iravcllioj; lor;^i>i, fc^r. fccr. Many larniKO, arms, and LH(iii|)inentiJ 
hav« In 1 11 luinisln-d to ili«- nnlitia : btfiidts u liitii, ronsidtrable military stores 
are dm' liii'- Statr from itic U. S. I»y llic sLttl«'Uii-nl oi' \'>'Ai',. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Tlie U. S. Census of 1810 furnished d.ita forth, following statement for 
this Slate— Looms d.i,0»)8 ; yds. eloth (all kinils) '.SO'JSSTU.S— value S:»,00--:, 8'Jl: 
82. Tan Works 8C7 ; val. of leather gl,iilt9,542 : 16. Distilleries bill ; value 
Sl,68J,7!)l : }0. Brewerii's 42 ; val. ,srH0,70:> : G«. Fulling .Mills li7 ; enhanC' 
td val. of eloth ^'r)7y,b:e : 87. Paper Mills t\i ; val. ^i.^d.^itUi : 00. Hal Manu- 
factories lit ; val. S-:iO,0;l!> : 00. Glass Works G ; val. (besides bottles tie.) 
S7 16,800 : 00. Fovvder Mills 2 . val. 10,KtO : 00. Hope Walks 18 ; val. §038, 
000 : 00. Sugar Houses 10 ; val. 54iIO,70li : 00. Oil Mills ^8 ; val. S J'J.'-HS : 
70. Blast furnaces 11 ; val. S::0.'»,.'300 : 00. Air Do. Ki ; val. )?10f>,7i:o : 00. 
Cut Nail Manufactories 41 ; val. S^lHJ,^^il : 80. Forges 48 ; val. »'18.»,'i40 : 00. 
Trip Hammers 4!i ; val. (return of work from "Z of them onlj ) ,5'l,<'00 : 00. 
llolliiig and Slittitig .Mills 1 ; val. ^J.W.lilO : 00. Total )vi/i<e— i;r-,oa.'i,.'Ji2.'i : 62. 
Also, 113 Carding Machines — \alue included i:i cloth above ; and 26 Cotton 
31anufactories, not included above, the cbttli there nnntioned being the manu- 
facture of families oidy. These nturns w ere (in most of the counties) believed 
to be much short of the real amount ; and the tow cloth was tcliulli) omitttd m 
all but two counties. Instead of one, there were seveial KoUing and Slitting 
Mills ; and the nail, hat, paper, and rope manufactories, furnaces, &.c. exceeded 
the number returned as above. No wtjoilen manufactories were returned, 
though there were some in operation ; and as many new manufactories were 
begun, and more contemplated, it was not doubted but the aimual amount of 
our manufactures, 1811 and 1812, exceeded 16,000,000 |)er arnumi — probably 
it was near 20 millions.* The returns of tht U. S. Census for 1820, are not 
yet in a situation to enable me to state the result in this Slate, or make a com- 
parison witli t!ie above. The same may be said of the census just taken by or- 
der of the State government, but not yet fully returned. From partial returns 
of the State Census, I do not fnid th.it any account of the cloth or other articles 
made in the numerous incorporated or other manufactories has been taken. 
It w ill therefore be dillicult if not impossible, for some time at least, to estimate 
with precision the present amonnl of our manufa«tiires. 

.Manufitrtunni!; Companies and Capital. — Before the general act of 181 1 (as 
it is called) there had been incorporated 17 Companies with upwards of 9 mil- 
lions capital, 111 sides 1!) others, the amount of whose ca|)ital 1 cannot ascertain. 
Some few of the 17 no longer exist, and some of the lU may not have gone in- 
to opt.-ration — but the capital of the whole exceeds 11 millions. Under the 
general art, 129 com|)anies with S',1 l-Z,M() capital had been established in 
June 1818, since which time about ri'i more, with about j;2,2,'*7,fiOi)e.ipiial have 
been founded: — making in the u hole State about 2r3(lc.(unpaiiies with 21 millions 
capital, of which a considerable part may n<it have been paid in. Besides these, 
there are many large mainifacturing establishments founded and carried on by 
individual enterprise. And the convenience with which cloths can be obtain- 

T. Coxc, Esq. cslimatL'd the tola! value in 1810 (and it is saiil from the Marshal's re- 
turns) at over S.'j millinii.s— Mr SpafTord, in 1811, sets il at M\ — and Dr. Morse sa>s by ilio 
Marshal's returns for 1812, it was nver 33. I must think thfiii all too high ; ,ind I never l>f- 
fore heard olthe datu o( the /tist csiiniate. But niiirli dc|Mii(ls<ni ulial is includt'd in the leriii 
mavufarture.i. If oil v,v r:il, drink, wear, an<l use .is utensils on (arms, in u.ides, or other- 
wise — if all raw cotton wlmh wr do not produce in the st.ite — [an»l why not iidd Hour, ships, 
and carriages, which we </» product' an<l nuwnj.ictitre '] — wore taken into tiie account, we 
might sa) .50 or 60 millions annuall) at '/erf period. .Sonic have inrhided canini wool, and 
then added tiicwhole t-alveot the clotli made of it ; and all accounts include lins«td oil — might 
not cider, bricks, bniter; pies, soap, sausages, iicwg-papcrs, iic. just as well be inclade^) i" 



14 MANUFACTURES SALT, i^c. 

ed for raw materials from these manufactories, as well as their excellent qua- 
lities, has very naturally interrupted, in some degree, the progress of similar 
kinds of 

Manufaduresinfamilits. — Calculating by a return from Ontario county, and 
from four towns in different |)arts of the State, [one of these including the cily 
of Hudson,) and averaging the results among the whole population of the State, 
exclusive of the city of New-York, I fuid, according to such an average of the 
returns, that the total number of yards of cloth, manufactured in families, does 
not probably much exceed that of 1810 ; hut the proportion of fulled and other 
woollen cloth is greater, and the quality improved and value much enhanced. 
It has become more fashionable and ciieapcr to dress in the fabricks of our 
rapidly increasing manufactories. And our manufactures of iron, paper, hats, 
leather, nails, hollow-ware, and many other necessary and valuable articles, as 
well as our breweries, furnaces, and all kinds of mills and machinery, have 
greatly increased — in most counties doubled or trebled, and in some more than 
rjuadrupled. Still greater increase has taken place in the manufactures of all 
the finer kinds of hard-ware — in silk and other fine goods — in carpets, hosiery, 
all kinds of lace and trimmings, &.c. So that, including the productions of our 
manufactories of all kinds, \hv present annual value of our manufactures proba- 
bly exceeds 40 millions of dollars. 

[ICF After the above was committed to the press, I received a Summary of the 
late State Census for 1 SiJl ; and I here add the results of the .tlclunl Return, as it 
was too late to substitute them for the foregoing matter. By these, not only 
the^xc^s will be now ascertained, but by comparing them with the above, the 
degree of accuracy or fairness in my calculations may be judged of. 

Fulled Cloth manufactured, during the year 1820, in families, 1,9.58,71£ 
yards — Flannel and other woollen cloth, not fulled, 2,451,107 do. — Linen, cot- 
ton, and other woollen cloth 5,635,985 — Total, of all kinds, 10,045,804 yards, 
family -manufacture — being over 7 and 1-4th }ds. to each person. 

Number of Iron Works, 107 — ^.Oil mills LSO — Trip hammers Mi — Cotton 
and woollen manufactories 184 — Fulling mills 991 — Distilleries 1,057 — Man- 
ufactories of |)ot and pearl Ashes 1,226 — Carding machines 1,2S3 — Gristmills 
2,132— Saw mills 4,304.] 

In this estimate I take no account of Ashes, Flour, Sugar, or 

SALT. 

Of this last article there were made in Onondaga (now town of Salina) in 
1810 about 453,840 bushels, (though in 1800 only 42,754,) and in Cayuga, Sen- 
eca, Ontario, and Genesee, about 71,1(50 bushels — in all about 525,000 — value 
at the works ^147,000 

In 1820 there were made in the town of Salina 554,776 bushels. From the 
Springs in that town three millions of bushels at least could be made annually, 
if the demand justified it, yielding the State a yearly revenue of ;8;375,000. I 
have no returns or estimate of the quantity made in Cayuga, Seneca, and other 
counties. The net revenue to the State on Salt made in the Western district,* 
in 1820, was 567,038.67. 

LANDS and PRODUCTS. 

I have never had sufficient data to calculate the quantity of ashes, maple- 
sugar,t flour,}; butter, cheese, kc. made, or the grain, flax, wool, cattle, sheep, 

* The Sleiti' was divided heretofore into fnitr Senatorial Districts — the Western was the 
largest, and till within a lew years inclnded llerkinior and all the eounties west of it. Eight 
districts are now estal)lished as mentioned hclbre, and tlie former names superseded. 

tin tiro towns in Ontario County (viz. Sencea and Phelps) 169,983 lbs. of maple sugar 
were made in 1821— probably 12 to"l5,000,000 in the State. 

} In 11 months of 1813 and 14, there were inspected, in \.\\cport of JVeir York, 389,617 
Bbls. wheat flour, 38,736 do. rye do. 18,000 do. hid. meal, and 252 do. buck-wheat do. = 
446,505 Bbls. all kinds. 



LANDS AND TRODUCTS. 15 

liorses, swine, hcef. pork, poultry, vc^^ctabhs, tlin various kinds of fruit, k«-. 
raised atumnllif in tlie Stale, so as to maki- any tolerable correct valuation ol 
our products, lands, and property. 

Jiidj;in:; from partial returns, and coniparinK these with our population (ex- 
clusive of the city of New- York,) I calculated that the whole State, in 1811, 
contained about .ioo, 000 /lorsM, l,(»00,0oo /(f^</ r(j///<>, and l,-2r.(i,000s/i((y>. The. 
t*vo former, esj)ecially liie first, were; probably much tivercalculated. The 
present number(in 11:21 ) calculated i>y tiu' returns laum Ontario and four towns 
in dillerent parts of the Slate, as the (piantity of chnli above is calculated, (ex- 
clusive of the city of \ew- York,) is probably about 3:do,000 horses, 1,200,000 
neat cattle, and i,.'J00.()oO skecp. 

[Under the same circumstances, and for tiie same reasons, as stated at the 
close of the precedinji; Article on ".Manufactures," I here add the residue of the 
rMM//j derived from the State (Jensiis of ltJ£l. 

Number of Acres of Improvta L«?}</, occupied in the State, r>,717,t91 — being 
something overyour and a quarter acres tt) each person in the Slate. 

Number of neat Oiltle 1,21.'>,04S) — nearly one to each person — Horses 
£62,628 ; a little more than one to every five ()ersons — Sheep 2,147,351 ; nearly 
two to each person.] 

The valuations of real and personal property, made by the assessors in the 
several counties in the State, were 31 1 million dollars for 1818 — 282 millions 
for 181'.)— 2 JH millions for 1820 — and but 212 millions for 1821.* The valua- 
tion had been hi!;;her in earlier years, especially in 1812 — 13, when 3Ir. Spafford 
estimated the value of cvenj s|)ecies of property in the State, however "extrav 
agant it mit;ht a|>|)ear to some," at 500 millions. Considering the high prices 
of that period, and the circumstances mentioned below, the estimate, though 
probably too high, was not very extravagant. Since 1812 — 13 there have 
been a great accession of populaticni and vast improvements in most kinds of 
property and accommodations for business, comfort, and convenience ; and 
nothing has Ifft the State, except specie and slock in the funds. Yet, although 
those thin{!;s which we call property are more abundant and of better quality 
in general than 8 or 10 years ago, and the amount of ellicient labour and skill 
greatly increased, so that our senses do not permit us to doubt that the sum 
total of property is greatly augmented — the value of it is estimated by a large body 
of discreet men to l>e less than formerly, and less and less every accruing year. 
Is money, then, (and its representative, stock,) of no .idvantage in a country, or 
its removal from that country no disadvantage ? And, although the value of 
things is relative ; and, among themselves and in relation to one anotlier, the 
total amount of their real wfKth, if measured or estimated liy or in reference to 
the country alone in w liich tht y are, or to which they belong, and not by or in 
reference to any thing out of <n' \ieyond, or by any thing to be done out of or 
beyond that country — nuist ahvin/.% be the sanu ; and thus leave it immaterial, 
in a similar point of view, whether estimated at fi\e dollars or .0000 millions : — 
yet, while any thing is to be done with or in any f(jreign country, is not t!ie 
medium or means of tloing it :i ilisidernlum with the country which is to do it r 
And when th.it medium or the means either docs notexist, or not in sufficient ex- 
tent, in such country, and the foreign country will not accept any thing the 
former has as a substitute — or only at so low a |)rice as not to exceed the a- 
mount of the same medium which must be expended to furnish the substitute 
to such foreign country — must not a resort be had to other countries for that 
medium or the means, and thus the value or price of the former's property 
come at last to be measured or estimated by /oreiifn countries ; or, the business 
or transaction in view be abandoned ? 

In tlio ye.ir eiuiiiig in Fci>. 1819, were iiispeclctl in llic sa^Jlc place, 328,399 Bl>ls. wheat 
flour, 91,220 do. rye do. 57,7;U do. meal, and 1,180 buck wli. do. = 478,845 Bbls. .■// kinds. 

* Tlie U. S. valuation of ilie r^jl prajterty and slaves on/i/ in iliis Slale, in 181^?, was over 
-'j'i million? 



16 XANDS AND PRODUCTS. 

Is not t?iis, or something like this, the reason why we must pay our taxes in 
such medium (money,) and a good reason also for the Assessors' putting that 
estimate of value on our property, wliich they think it will hring in money 'if 
And must it not necessarily be so, as long as we deal with any body or in any 
thing out of or In yond our own country ? And if we do not ivliolly shut oin- 
selves out from the rest of the Avorld — and I trust we 7iever sliall — and yet con- 
tinue to part with our money and stoelc to foreign countries for what we might, 
in most instances, producMB'ith them at home ; or, if we still go abroad for ar- 
ticles, the manufacture of which would put in circulation here sums of money, 
now lying useless or at small interest for want of employment — must not the 
estimated value of our lands and products sink down year after year to lialf or 
a quarter what it now is, and till it will take a tenth, an eighth, or a fifth part 
of a farm and its improvements to pay their proportion of the yearly publick 
burdens? For if scarcity of money or want of employment multiplies paupers 
and legal proceedings against criminals, the publick burdens are as much in- 
creased as by direct taxation. 

But these are questions for the professors of" Political Economy," Avho seem 
determined to deluge the world with as great a literar}' flood as erewhile de- 
scended from tile clouds of rt.'ligious controversy. Yet the stumbling block of 
inoney^s value and use, and the " balance of trade and exchange" (the oppro- 
brium poliiiconnn,) so often divide and confound them, it is feared but little 
more light, to discern " the right way," will be derived from their works than 
emanated from the voluminous polemicks in theology. But however they may 
resolve or ridicule these questions, I cannot doubt, that if the funds which have 
left this country since 1 1 G were returned, & our produce taken in lieu of them 
as formerly, the assessors' valuations w ould amount to nearly 400 millions, and 
every species of property in the State greatly exceed 500 millions in value. 

As matters now stand, however, we should consider, lliat the assessors gen- 
erally estimate property within the cash value ; and, also, that they cannot pos- 
sibly reach all that is taxable. 1. They probably include little or none of the 
property of the following Companies, Societies, Sic. viz. 20 for inteinal naviga- 
tion — sundry Libraries — do. Steam-boats— do. literary — do. dams, &:c. — do. 
bridges and turnpikes (12 millions) — over 100 relief, friendly, assistance, chari- 
table, religious, and bible societies — some masonick and other societies — the 
funds and property of the several incorporated cities and vi/iages, and of the 
towns and counties — do. of colleges and academies, &,c.— all holding more or 
less stock, capital, or estates. 2. They do not reach all the 21 millions of bank 
capital, and S millions Insurance capital. 3. Much o/'the 21 millions of man- 
ufacturing capital is exempt from taxation. And 4fh— if to all this we add the 
property and fimds of the State, all publick buildJngs, and other things not tax- 
ed, it will be obvious that the valuation of 1821 is no safe criterion of the total 
worth of property in the Slate. 

Of Products, not mentioned above, there are inexhaustible beds of Gypsum 
(or Plaster of Paris) along the line of the Eric Canal and on lakes and streams 
leading to it, wliich are already a source of considerable profit. Water-limt, a 
most valuable material recently discovered in great profusion in sundry coun- 
ties along the Erie Canal, will soon be an article of great use in constructing 
cellars, walls, and buildings, as, well as canals, inasmuch as it becomes equally 
hard and adhesive in water as in air, and impenetrable by the elements and ver- 
mine. Common lime, Slate of the first quality, and Iron-Ore of the best 
kind, are abundant. Bricks are made in every part of the State, and some 
quarries of good marble for buildings are worked. Coal is found in sundry 
places, from which good specimens have been produced. Lumber of most 
kinds and good quality is a source of great animal profit ; and the abundance and 
variety of Fish, as well in our lakes and rivers, as in our bays and harbours, yield 
considerable emolument to our citizens. 

Agricultural Societies have been formed in almost every county, the seve- 
ral Presidents of which (or delegates in their room) constitute a Board ofJlgri- 
cujiure, for the promotion of agriculture and domestick manufactures infcrm- 



ROADS, BRIDGES, BANKS, INSURANCi:, kc, 17 

Hies. To Tliese Societies §15,000 had been paid by the State previous to Ja- 
nuary 1U21. These arrant:;ements, and Ihe exertions of the Society for tlie Pro- 
motion of Useful Arts, are rapidly lunducinu; (;reat improvements in the culti- 
vation of our lands, in manufactures, and in the quantity and quality of oui- 
products. 

ROADS A^'D BRIDGES. 

In 1811 the provisions made for Roads nnd liridirrs, besides the numerous 
roads and bridges authorized to be laid out, made, and built, at the risk of indi- 
viduals or e.vpense of the eountii-s, the state, or the lands benefited thereby — 
were .iG Bridge Companies with S.0O9,O00 stock, and I.SJ Tiu-npike Comjtanies 
with 57,.0&8,OO0 stock, extending their roads over a length of 4,.'>00 miles, about 
one third of wiiieh was completed. .\.t present ihc number of Bridge Companies 
(besides tho-in above excepted, several corporations so^*-, and toll-bridges own- 
ed by individuals,) is 56, with about 5850,000 stock ; and Turnpike Companies 
278, Avith about $11,000,000 stock, and their roads extending ovi-r about 6,000 
miles, of which probably two thirds or more are completed. Moreover, the 
grants lieretofore made by the Legislature, for the construction of Roads and 
Bridges, amount to about ;*6i2,000. 

BANKS. 

In 1811 the Capital Stock of the several incorporated Banks was calculated 
at Si 1,690,000 ; though it was not known how much of it had actually been 
paid in — probably 10 millions. There are, now in the State 39 incorporated 
Banks and Branches, besides the U. S. Branch Bank and three Savings Banks, 
which latter do not discount. The Charter of Mr. Jacob Barker's Exchange 
Bank has expired, and its business is suspended or abandoned. At the end of 
these Statistical remarks will be found a Bank-Table containing as many par- 
ticulars as I could put on a page. How much the Colleges and Academies 
have subscribed is unknown to me. Nor do I know how much has been 
paid in by individuals on the capital Slock. The State has sold out part of its 
stock, and now holds only $ 107,7 10. Laws have also been passed allowing 
nine of the Banks to reduce their stock — the Bank of America to two millions. 
The reduction allowed, in the nine, is ^6,365,000. I know not to what extent 
there has been an actual reduction — probably $.0,000,000 ; and as the amount 
authorized is §20,7:^0,000, tlie present capital stork is twentu-one million — cx- 
rlusive of the U. S. Branch Bank and the three Savings BanKs. Total number 
of Banks and Branches 43. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Of these there are IG in the city of New- York, and 24 in the whole State, 
with a Capital Stock of about eisrht millions of dollars in all— chiefly for Fire 
and Marine Insurance, though some of the Offices insure on lives, annuities, 
transportation, ships in harbours or docks, k.c. [Three or four of the earliest 
established Companies have closed their business, and are vot included in the 
above statement.] 

COMMERCE AND SHIPPING. 

Foreign Commerce was nearly suspended during the late war, and the gene- 
ral peace in Europe, together with the consefjuent chan^^.• in most of our com- 
mercial relations abroad, has i)revented and probably will long, if not for ever, 
prevent its revival to an extent any way proportionate to our increased means. 
But the difference in this State is not so great as in most others. In 1821 there 
arrived at the port of NewVork 'JH/orti>« vessels— in 1794, 941. At some 
ports of the U. S. only about one quarter as many arrived in 1821 as in 1803. 
But the coasting and inland trade of New-York has increased in n)ucli greater 
extent than the foreign has diminished. 



18 COMMERCE AND SHIPPfNG, U. S. REVENUE, &c. 

In 1807, the amount of exports from New- York to foreign countries was 
p6, -557,963— in ICIO, it was ;^17,202,S30— and ;gl3,691,244, in I8i20, being 
about l-5th of the whole U. S. exports. 

In 1803,thetonna{;eof thisStat* was 149,158 tons— in 1810, it was 276,557-— 
in 1816,309,290 besides that on the lakes — and in 18\9,tti;t ol Now- York Dis- 
trict alone was 229,190, Sag-Harbour and Hidson Uistricts about 7,500, and 
on the lakes about 5,310: in all 244,690— considerably over l-5th of the 
whole owned in the United States. 

The unrivalled situation of the City of New -York, both for foreign and in- 
land irade, gives it a great preference over other ports. The establishment of 
regular lines of packets to Europe for freight and passage, and the increasing 
trade with the Southern and South Western States, have excited new enterprize 
in ship-building ; and the number of ships built the last year exceeds that of 
former times. And for strength, beauty, and excellence of workmanship, the 
ships now built in New- York are not exceeded by any in the world. 

U. S. REVENUE AND POST-OFFICES IN NEW-YORK. 

In 1792 the revenue on imports, &c. collectt^d by the U. S. in this state, was 
^1,169,809, being a little less than l-4th of the whole paid in the U. S. In 
1800 it was considerably less than l-3d — in 1810, a little more than l-3d— 
and in 1315, it was ;Sf 1 4,49 1,739, being nearly 5-l2ths do. About one third of 
this is derived indirectly from the trade of other states; and so is probably 
nearly one third of the amount of our exports. The U. S. revenue from foreign 
commerce, tonnage, &i.c. has been greatly diminished since 1816, and was only 
about 15 millions and a half in 1820, nearly half of which (probably S-7ths) 
was collected in New- York, where upwards of a million dollars of U. S. reve- 
nue on imports were secured during the first six days of January 1822. 

The number of Post-offices in the state was 364 in 1811, being over l-7th 
of the whole (2,440) in the U. S. In 1 820 there were 4,030 in the U. S. and in 
this state there are now (Dec. 1821) 722, being about l-6th of the whole num- 
ber now in the U. S. 

U. S. MILITARY POSTS, &c. IN NEW-YORK. 

The U. S. Military Posts, at present occupied in this state, are — Governor's 
Island and New- York harbour, West Point, U. S. Arsenal at Gibbonsvillc 
(in Water vliet,) Plattsburgh, Sackett's Harbour, and Fort Niagara in the town 
of Porter. The great cantonment at Gret-nbush is no longer occupied as a post. 
The U. S. have also an Arsenal in the cit}' of New -York. 

There are also two U. S. JVaval stations : one, New- York harbour, including 
tlie extensive JVavy Yard at the Wallabout, in Brooklyn — the other, Sackett's 
Harbour, on Lake Ontario. 

THE GRAND CANALS. 

In 1810 Commissioners were appointed to explore the whole route of inland 
navigation from the tide-waters of the Hudson to lakes Ontario and Erie, and 
to report what further improvement could be made therein. It was consider- 
ed that the resources of the Western Inland Lock Navigation Company, of 
1792, which had confined its views to the connexion of the Mohawk river, by 
West Wood creek and Oneida lake, to Seneca river, (and only in batteaux or 
boats of 8 or 10 tons,) were inadequate to improvements commensurate with 
the situation and convenience of the state. The Commissioners, after an ac- 
tual survey in person, made a favourable report in 1811, and another in 1812, 
estimating the cost at from H to 6 millions. The war, however, necessarily 
suspended the undertaking ; and the National Government, to which applica- 
tion was made, declined any co-operation in the great project, which many 
persons in this state opposed as impracticable, or useless if completed. But 
on a lucid, comprehensive, and most able memorial to the Legislature, from 
the city of New- York, seconded by Albany, and sundry counties in the western 
district, (Avith the expression of a favourable opinion by tlie legislatures of ma- 



XHE GRAND CANALS. 19 

ny of the indiviilii.il states, especially Ohio, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and 
Vermont, and among the |)fOi)l«'of Indiana, Kcntutky, Illinois, and Michigan,) 
such proceedings wi-re hud, tliat in i;;ir> tlw C'ommissioners re-examined the 
route 111' the Krie Canal hy sections and snigle miles, and estimated the ex- 
pense oCcompleling it, at j>i,C8l,7.>il. A similar examination was made with 
a view to connect lake C'liamplain witii the Hudsnn and the Erie canal, and the 
expense estimated at S'''l,00(t — making S.'>,l>iii,7.Sii fur hoth. 

On considering the repuits of these exiiminations anti estimates, the legisla- 
ture, in the spring of lul7, estalilislied "The Canal Fund," and authorized the 
Commissioners to commence tiie Krie and Champlain canals; and on Iht Athof 
Julij, 18I7,lhe excavation was comme;icf</at Rome. On the "2 1st Octoher, 1U19, 
the water was let info the Eiie Canal — the next day the first boat passed on it 
between Rome and Ctica — and on the ilrJd, the navigation was formally open- 
ed. In .N'ovemher following, the water was also let into the Champlain Ca- 
nal, and on the .:4th of that month the first Itoat navigated it from Fort Kd- 
ward to Whitehall. In May, 1820, commenced the navigation of the whole 
Middle section of the F.iie Canal, (from Ltica to INlontezuma on Seneca river, 
near its source in Cayuga lake,) a distance of ilfi miles; and although toll was 
not taken till July, yet >"0,24i were received that year. The works on the 
Champlain Canal not heing fully completed, no loll was exacted for the con- 
siderable quantities of lumber, iic. that passed through it. During the last 
year, (1(!21,) great progress has been made in opening this canal towards Wa- 
terford, not far from which village it will unite with the Erie Canal and tho 
Hudson. The Erie Canal has also been com|)l«'ted and navigated from Utica, 
upwards of 27 miles, on the Eastirn section, past the Little Falls ; and thence 
to the Hudson, much of it is excavated. On the H'estern section, 63 miles 
(from Seneca river to Rochesterville on Genesee river) are nearly in a navi- 
gable state, and will be opened early next season : and the residue is under 
contract. .And at the end of the next year, (1823,) or by July, 182 1, both ca- 
nals will be completed and navigable ; all which, embracing an extent of 425 
miles, will have been accomplished in seven years. 

The course, extent, dimetisions, and navigation, of these canals, are as fol- 
lows : — The Erie Canal, from the Hudson, at the cities of Albany and Troy, 
E asses through the counties of Albany, Saratoga, Schenectady, Montgomery, 
lerkimer, Oneida, Madison, Onondaga. Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Monroe, 
Genesee, Niagara, and Erie, into lake Erie at Buffalo, about ^5(jJ miles. Tho 
Champlain Canal passes from the same point, (or from the Erie Canal near 
it,) in Albany county, through Saratoga and Washington counties into lake 
Champlain at Whitehall, about 62 miles. Each canal is 40 feet wide at the 
Trater's surface, 28 at bottom, and 4 deep; and the tow-path is from fi to 10 
feet wide, and 2 to 3 feet higher than the water. They are navigated by boats, 
rafts of timber, ik.c. which are not all()Wed to go faster than 5 miles an hour. 
The boats are from .'>(• or 60, to 70 or 80 feet long, and 8 to 13 wide, carrying 
from 40 to 70 or 80 (and even 100) tons, and firawn by one, two, three, or more 
horses, (all tandem,) as circumstances re.piire, by means of a tow-rope. 
There are 9 locks, (liO feet long and I I wide,) and ;dready upwards of 100 
handsome bridges over the canal from Ctica to Monte/.nmi, uliich was inter- 
sected by more tlian .'^0 pnblick roads. Several acjueduct bridges or arches in 
some places carry the canal 2t> to 30 feet above the waters passing under 
them. These and tlu; locks will be more frequent on the other sections, as the 
summit water-levet extends, (from 8 miles east of Utica to Syracuse,) without 
a lock or interruption, 67 miles — which is without a parallel in the wcultL 
The canals pass alli;rnately through flourishing settlements, highly cultivatea 
fields, rich meadows, deep forests, and morasses ; by large villages ; in sight 
of lakes ; and over considerable rivers — presenting the greatest variety and 
beauty of prospect. Mile-boards are erecteil.and the canals handsoinelj fenced, 
as fast as finisfir*!. The parlut lionls are large ami commodious, having every 
convenience to lodge and entertain from 2.'f to \'.> or ,0<t passengers each, in as 
good style as the steam-boats on the Hudson or Helawart' ; for all which, in- 
cluding the passage, only 3 to 4 cents per milt is charged. Having relays of 



20 THE GRAND CANALS. 

horses, these boats run (night and day) 90 to 100 miles in 24 hours. The 
market and other boats run from 30 to 45 or 50 miles a day. Large basins 
or harbours (about an acre each) are made at villages and suitable stopping 
places, and will be multiplied as business shall increase. There are two in Uti- 
ca already. 

Toll. — The canals are the property of the stale, but like turnpikes, are pub- 
lick highivays for all to pass (conforming to established rules) on paying toll, 
which is (now) permanently Jixtd by the constitution, including all future ca- 
nals, thus — for EACH MILE; viz. merchandise, 2 cents — grain, flour, pro- 
visions, ashes, &.C. 1 cent; and salt, gypsum, lime, stone, bricks, iron-ore, &c. 
i cent a ton — boats for transportation 1 mill each ton of their capacity ; boats 
for passengers, 5 cents (frr all) — wood for fuel, 1 cent a cord — posts and rails 
for fencing, 2 cents per 1000; shingles, 1 mill do. boards and sawed stuff, 5 
mills do. pipe staves, 1 cent do. hogshead do. 7 mills do. barrel do. 5 mills do. — 
round or square timber, 5 mills per 100 solid feet — and other articles 1 cent a 
ton. The amount of net revenue derived from toll on the Erie Canal in 1821 
Avas ;?20,224:88— on the Champlain Canal, S 1,31) 6:84— Total ^21,611:72. 

The Expense. — Such experience and skill have been acquired, and such im- 
provements and discoveries made in various branches of the work, that al- 
though many alterations in the plan have been adopted, and in most of the 
aqueducts, arches, fcc. solid stone and mason work substituted for wood work 
as first proposed, yet the cost has fallen within the estimates of 1816. The dis- 
covery of water-lime not only imparted facility, durability, and security to the 
construction of locks, aqueducts, and embankments ; but added an important 
article to our items of commerce. In the first year it was found that much of the 
work could be done for less than the estimates ; and during the last year it was 
done in some cases for half the estimated price, and in others for still less. Yet 
all concerned found their account in it. The estimates of 1816 put the whole 
of the Erie Canal at over §13,800 per mile. The Middle section was finished 
at an average of g 11,792 per mile. This was the least expensive portion ; yet 
the 27 miles from Utica to Minden, including more than half the lockage to 
Schenectady and the mountain at the Little Falls, (the greatest obstacle on 
the Eastern section,) will cost but little more per mile than the Middle section. 
And the two canals will be finishetl 25 or 30 per cent belter in work, materials, 
and construction, than was calculated, for five millions ; or, half a million less 
than the estimates of 1816. 

Revenue, benefits, and national importance of the Canals. — It is calculated 
that the ai;era^e-toll on every thing passing the canals, w ill be about equal to g5 
a ton for the whole length of the Erie Canal, and less than $1 on the other. And 
when it is considered that the completion of the former will reduce the whole 
expense of transporting a ton from Buffalo to New-York (on an average as 
above) from ;?100, to 10 or ,^'11, and that it will at once command all the trade 
from the borders of the four great western lakes, (nearly equal in extent to the 
whole sea coast of the U. S.) in addition to what will arise along the canal — 
there can remain no doubt, that these canals will be sources of almost as much 
profit to the state, as advantage and convenience to the people in their vicini- 
ty. Besides the agricultural products of the west part of Vermont and the 
north part of this state, vast quantities of timber, spars, masts, and lumber of 
all kinds — the excellent iron of Clinton, Essex, Warren, &.c. — and the fine mar- 
ble of Vermont, (most of which has heretofore been sent to Canada,) will find 
a better market through the Champlain Citnal. Lumber and excellent tim- 
ber for various uses, will pass to the Hudson from the west through the Erie 
(<kinal. Great quantities of staves have already been sent to Utica and even 
to Albany. Salt, gypsum, and w;iter-lime will pass on the canals to the east 
and north part of the state, to Vermont, and to the states south-west of the 
lakes. This is independent of all the ordinary productions of farms and of the 
mass of merchandise which must pass the canals. 

We must further consider the advantages the Canals will afford to manu- 
factures, and for barter and exchange within the state itself— the numerous 
excellent situations and privileges for all kinds of machinery driven by water— 



THE GRAND CANALS. 21 

the many cities and villap;»'s that will rajtidly arise on the borders of these Ca- 
nals* — and the imintns*! Canal bu-iinrss these alone will furnisii. Tlie last sea- 
son property equal to altoiit 7ii,000 tons passed Utica on the Krie Canal, al- 
though only about a quarter ol" its extent »vas navigable, and the business only 
in its coniniencenient. Upwards of iI,()UO tons of shippnig [boats] are already 
employed on this section. 

Some suppose i to 000,000 tons (reckoning both ways) will annually pass 
from Albany to Bnftalo «oon as this Canal is finished, yielding over ttt'O wiiV- 
lioiis loll. Others believe it will be niiieli more But if it should be only etjunl 
to 100,000 tons, both ways, or about l-rfd up and ii- ."ids down, Ironi the Hudson 
to lake Krie ; and if we allow the transportation and |)assages originating or 
ending between these points (which is certainly a loiv estimate) to be equal to 
100,000 tons carried through the whole route — making an average of iOO,000 
at $5 — an annual revenue of o)ie million will be the result, exclitsivt of toll on 
the numerous boats. Before the year 1830 it must amount to more than this. 
But allow only /laZ/of it, for the first few years, and we have g500,000 yearly 
from the Erie (^anal alone ; and it is a moderate calculation, that the toll on the 
Chainplain Canal, and on the boats of both, will meet all expenses of both, for 
repairs, collecting the toll, &ic. 

In addition to this and to the auxiliary canals already opened from Syracuse 
to Salina, and from thi- Erie Canal to the Turn|)ike at Chittening(I and 1-2 to 
2 mills each) the Oswego Canal from lake Ontario to unite with the E. C. 
by Onondaga lake at Syracuse, 3-2 miles, and for which examinations and es- 
timates have been made, will be constructed for less than $'2^)0,000, soon after 
the others are finished. This will extend the business of the E. C. to Oswego, 
Jefferson, and St. Lawrence Counties, and to Upper Canada (as the' Cham- 
plain Canal would to lower Canada) should those countries, at some future 
day, be on an equal footing of freedom w ith us, w hich is not at all improbable. 
Another Canal to unite the E. C. w ith Canandaigua lake, and another w ith Se- 
neca lake and Tioga (or Chemung) river, are now in c<intem]ilation. Cayuga 
lake is already united with it by the heatl of Seneca river ; and Oneida, Owas- 
co, and Skaneateles lakes, might be added to.the list at a small expense. And 
even Otsego w ill eventually be united w ith the E. C, and navigation extended 
through the w hole country along the Suscpiehannah, till it receives the Tioga 
in Pennsylvania.' If any one will examine the map of the State,f ho will at 
once perceive that these narrow lakes — all affording easy and safe navigation, 
some of them 15 or 20, others .35 to 40 miles long, and most fortunately lying 
travsi^crselt) instead of luterally with the Erie Canal — will, from tlieir adjacent 
country and streams, alTord a vast [Moportion of tratisportalion, and sites and 
privib'ges for villages and manufactories, not taken into the account above ; and, 
that but little of the State will be left without |)artici|)ation in the signal bene- 
fits of the (irand Canals. The com|)letion of tluse .luxiliary works would in- 
crease the revenue from Canals (above calculated) .SO per cent, .^lld from a 
pei"sonal ac()uaintance with the soil, situation, and productions of much of the 
western and northern parts of the State, and with the intelligence, enterprise, 
and excellent habits o( tiie inhabitants. I c.umot but feel eonfident, that by the 
2d or yd year after opening the two Grand Canals, the net revenue (above, 
all expenses) will be mucli nearer a million^ than half a million, annually — and 
in 10 or 12 years nearer two millions. 

I here calculate only for the trade derived from this Slate and coinitries noio 
doing business on or through the Great lakes. But we must add to all tin- above 
the vast trade which will come from the whole c(nmtry on the Ohio river above 

* I^irkport, a villapu iti Ni.iparn CoiiiUy, wiicre ihe Erie Caiinl crosses llio mountain ridge, 
conoiiiiod bill 3 families on the 2;tlli of .Inly hisl On (be fi^^lllay olJiimiar\ liisl, (5 nioiilhs 
I.'iUt,) it contained -I apoiherai\ simps, •!■ stores, /> taverns, Mindry (,'roc«Ties and victuallin*;^ 
Iioines, (making 60 building's in all.) and 337 itihiliitmi/s, « illi a regular weekly imrs }-'}>er f ■' 

Syracii^, Buckvllle, Jordan, Bniius (at Weed's Basin,) Conastota, and oilier vili.iges have 
already arisen on the lK)rders o( ilic Canal sinc<' it was commenced. 

t Tbe cxrcllrnt map of ilie lale Mr. Kddy, or tlic correct and bcaulifnl liltlc map in Mr. 
Spafford's Gazetteer — which are the best maps that dtsisi>alc receul divisions ol the lei- 
riiory. 



22 THE GRAND CANALS, OHIO, kc. 

the falls at Louisville, when the Ohio Canal* between that river and Lake Erie 
(which y/ill certainly be commenced ere long) shall be completed. The Illinois 
Canal, connecting lake Michigan with th«i Illinois and Mississippi rivers, will 
soon after be added to the immense chain of navigable waters ; and at no very 
distant day Pittsburgh and the Allegany river, and the Wabash and lake Michi- 
gan itself(by the St. Joseph's) will he connected with lake Erie and our Canal. 
Then, a single view of the map of the U. S. and a consideration of the differ- 
ence between New- York and New-Orleans in climate, market, and facility of 
foreign intercourse, will convince any one, that most of the country north of 
Nashville and New Madrid will trade with New-York, The fact, that a ton 
may then be transported from St. Louis or Nashville, to New-York, (via Cin- 
cinnati,) for between 15 and $"li), and on the return for 25 to ^30, (less than a 
third of the former cost from Buffalo to New-York,) can leave not a doubt on 
the mind, that chief of the trade of the Upper and Middle Mississippi, the Mis- 
souri, and their tributaries, with all the fur trade to the Rocky mountains, 
must eventually pass through the Erie Canal. 

If half of this anticipation should be realized, (and much of it certainly 
must,) who will undertake to calculate our revenue from this source ? It will 
by no means be confined to two or three millions annually, nor to five or six, 
40 years hence. Besides soon paying off (in conjunction with the Canal Fund) 
whatever balance of debt, incurred by these works*, may remain after their 
completion, it will undoubtedly enable the State to defray all the expenses of 
government without any future State taxes, and (in the language of the Presi- 
dent of the Commissioners) " to patronize literature and science — to promote 
education, morality, and religion — to encourage agriculture, commerce, and 
manufactures — and to establish the interests of human improvement upon an 
imperishable basis and to an incalculable extent." As promoting one of these 
great "interests," we can soon make loans, at moderate use, if desired, to as- 
sist the western States in similar undertakings. 

The direct benefits, moreover, Avhich this great work will confer on a large 
portion of our citizens, as individuals, are immense; and. to the people of 
Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Mit-liigan, and Upper Canada, they will be but 
little less important.! The discoveries and experience it will disclose to our 
sister States for their aid in like improvements — the flood of industry it will set 
in motion in the interior — and the friendly intercourse and community of in- 
terests it will promote and cherish between the east and the west, so fondly an- 
ticipated by Washington, in his affectionate farewell to his countrymen, as the 
ojjij/ effectual mvans of preserving the Union of the States — is above all estima- 
tion. In a commercial, political, moral, and social point of view, it has at once 
the effect of throwingdown, as with the hand of magick, the mighty Allegany and 
Apalachian Mountains, heretofore the great line of national division. In point of 
navigation it will render the whole Union east of the Mississippi, as it has al- 
ready rendered the whole of New England with part of New- York and Low- 

* The Slate of Ohio lias increased in population from 45,000 in 1800, to 581,000 in 1820. 
She is now next to Virginia in represenfaiive population by the Census of IB^O; and, at this 
moment is before V'tr^hua. in free white population, and in that respect the third State in the 
Union, Her population in 1830 will eqnal that of Pennsylvania in 1820 ; and in 1840 to 45 
she will be the second State in the Union. In Ap-iculture, at no very remote period she may be 
Jirst, if she add, to the advantages our Erii' Canal will give her, a Canal of lier own through 
the centre of her territory to her commercial capital. In 1819, her militia auiounted to 
83,000 ! 

t The Massarlwse/is " Middlesex Canal," connecting Boston harbour with the Merrimack 
(a river chief!}' in JVetc- Hampshire,) is 27 miles long, 30 ft. wide at top, 20 at bottom, and 3 
deep— and cost ^470,000. The net income in 1808 was ,i!;7,000— in 1810, gl4,000— in 1815, 
^25,0(30— and in 1817. 532,000. Timtier in J\ew Hampshire, which before was worth no- 
thing, is now worth from 1 to $3 a ton standing. In this article alone, iN. Hampshire (though 
wholly above the Canal j is benefited several millions ; and the price ol woodland in that slate 
has risen 3 or 4 to 10 dollars per acre. On and near the Canal the value of lands has been 
enhanced 100 or 200 percent, in some cases, 500; and for some distance on each side, 30 or 
40 per ceut. 



CANAL AND SCHOOL FUNDS, SCHOOLS, fee. 23 



cr Canada, an Islnnd. In the words of a traveller on the Brif Canal, it will 
be "a JjaoiiMinrnt of national mnnitircnct' nnparalW-Uid in Euro|u- or America, 
and n^Rh'd only hy the immense ai|ui'diu'tb <if Cliina." It will most forcibly 
illusti^e the truth of this apothegm :—" All honj;h men are accused of not 
koowini; liie.ir own weakness; yet, perhaj)-! is few know their oh'h stretmlh. 



Other stales, and perhaps the nation— periiafts even ojht'r natii>ns — might profit 
by tiie illustration. It is solely the work of a sin<j;U sink, containing less than 
a million and a half of souls ! In the language of the Commissioners, it^" ex- 
hibits the most impri'ssiv*- t-xamplt- of the hinefiretu etlVcts of a free govern- 
ment upon the character of a community, which the United States have yet 
produced, since the adoption of the Federal Constitution." And, next to the 
establishment of American Indt-pendence — wliich led th<' way for the i-mmci- 
pation of so many other oppressed nations of the earth — it is the greatest 
achievement of the age. 

THE CANAL FUND. 

This fund was established in April, 1817, and is under the Superintendence 
of "the commissioners of the Canal Fund." It consists of — 1, Duties on goods 
sold at auction ; -2, Do. on Salt manufactured in the Western District ; 3, Com- 
mutation for the tax on Steam-Boat passengers; I, Stock in theW. Inland Lock 
JIav. Co. D, Canal tolls ; fi, certain conlingenl proceeds of lotteries ; 7, itS.'iO.OOO 
taxes on lands adjacent to the Canals (ni>f yet assessed); and 8, Grand Island in 
Niagara river, lands in the Salt S|)rings Reservation (valued at 5-500,000) and 
104,63:i acres of land given by companies and individuals. The last three num- 
bered items are as yet unproductive. The Commissioners of this Fund are 
authorized to borrow certain sums on the credit of the State, to repay which, 
the above property and revenue, as well as all the tolls, are permanently pledg- 
ed, first by law, and now by the Constitution. The Revenue from the Jive 
sources first above-named was, in 18:20, ;j?2 13,572. 

Loans and Expenditures. — The amount borrowed in 1817, 18, 19, and 20, is 
gl,492,.'i00— the amount of revenue ;?7.S.J,82G : 94, making the receipts ^2,226,- 
326 : 94. During the same 4 years these Commissioners paid out in Canal expen- 
ditures (including interest on loans, Sic.) ,52,208,758 : 12. [See jVote to the Arti- 
cle " State. Funds, Revenue, and Expenditures" — post.] 

The amended Constitution prohil>ils the legislature from selling or disposinjf 
of the Canals or the Salt Springs — lliese are for ever to remain tlm property of 
the State. 

SCHOOL FUND AND COMMON SCHOOLS. 

The Funrf set apart by the State for the benefit of Commo.v Schools amount- 
ed, in 1810, to 518.3,32r) : 29 — the previous year's revenue of which was 
516,427:61 — besides which 314,770 acres of unsold land then belonged to 
this Fund. 

In 1820 it amounted to .'jfl,21.'>,526 and about 2.'),000 acres of land, (escheated 
to the State,) |irobably worth S1.0O,OOO. The Revenue was ^77,141 : .'>8. 

By the amended Constitution, the proceeds of all lands belonging to this Slate 
(except such as have aln-ady bei-n reserved or set apait to pul)iiik purposes, 
or ceded to the V, S.) whicii shall hereafter be sold, are t<t be added to the above 
fund, which is to remain a p^rpitu<d fund, the inter* st of which is to be ap|)lied 
to the supjiort of common Schools. These lands are about 970,000 acres, 
valued at about ^1, 100,000. Also 2,228 acres alootr Niagara river (valuable,) 
600 do. in the Oswego villages (do.) and about 39,000 do. yet in the possession 
of the Oneida, St. Regis, and Onondaga Indians, which will cren/»rt% fall into 
the hands of the State, worth §300,000, or more There are also some mil- 
lions, pirhaps, of unlocated lands, and much which has escheated, (hat will ul- 
timately come to this fund. Likewise Carlton and other islands. I{esi<les this, 
there were early granted to sundry towns, lots for the support of the Gospel 
and achooU — c|uantity and value unascertained. 



24 SCHOOLS, LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, he. 

Application and Effects. — The annua! interest or revenue of this fund is dis- 
tributed according to population among the several towns, on their r^ng an 
additional sum, equal to their quota, or greater (not exceeding do^e the 
amount,) for the same purpose. In 1816 returns were received from 338 towns, 
in which were 2755 school districts, from 2G31 of which, district returns were 
received : in these 2631 districts ^55,720, were received and distributed, and 
140,106 children instructed. The returns for 1820 (none from Richmond 
County) were from 545 towns, in which there are 6,332 sch. dist. From 5,489 
of these, district returns were received : ^146,418 were received and distribut- 
ed, and 304,559 children taught therein. No. of children between 5 and 15 
residing in said 5,489 districts, 317,633. 

The returns not being from the whole state, nor yet altogether perfect, the 
money distributed is not all stated — it must have been ^160,000, besides local 
funds from lands previously set apart for schools, k.c. as above mentioned. 
More children, also, were probably instructed than are returned. The pro- 
portion actually instructed \n these schools, compared with the whole residing 
in the districts, was, by the return, in 1815, as 4 to 5 — in 1818, as 8 to 9 — and 
in 1820, as 24 to 25. The money from the School fund is sufficient to support 
these schools three months in the year ; and when they continue on the town- 
money, poor children are still generally allowed to attend. And the Superin- 
tendent of Common Schools justly remarks, that the number of children who 
do not attend some school, or otherwise receive some education, is very small 
— and, that "of the rising generation in this state, very few will arrive to matu- 
rity without the enjoyment and protection of a common education." 

All this includes but little of the city of New- York, where districts are not 
formed ; but whatever portion of the school fund revenue is distributed there, 
goes to some schools set up by sundry charitable or religious societies and 
churches. The Economical School, and a great many Lancaster and excel- 
lent Free Schools, in that city, are otherwise supported, by some direct grants 
of the legislature, by societies and donations in the city, and other sources. 
There are in that city vast numbers of excellent private schools, and many 
charity and sunday schools. Such is the case, too, in the cities of Albany, Troy, 
Schenectady, and Hudson; and in Brooklyn, Poughkeepsie, Utica, New- 
burgh, and other large villages. 

There are Lancaster Schools established also in Albany, Troy, Schenecta- 
dy, Hudson, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, and many other places ; and sundry 
other grammar schools incorporated in different parts of the state — all in ad- 
dition to the common schools. 

UNIVERSITY AND LITERATURE FUND. 

The " fund for the promotion of Literature," in 1820, amounted to ^1SS,S1T, 
besides 3,510 acres of land worth 25 or 30,000 dollars. There are also funds 
in the hands and under the direction of "The Regents of the University," who 
have the general superintendence of colleges and academies, ^45,1 15. To the 
Regents have also bren granted, for the benefit of Columbia and Union Colle- 
ges, Governor's Island in New-York harbour, considerable tracts of land at Ti- 
conderoga and Crown Point, and 1,724 acres at Lake George. The annual 
revenue of this fund is about $b,000. 

COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, LITERARY INSTITUTIONS— 
STArE MUMFICEXCE. 

1. Columbia College, in the city of New- York, to which has been granted 
at sundry times about ;g281,000, besides the Botanic Garden (called 584,000, 
but not available to a third of that sum,) and its portion of the lands above 
mentioned. 

2. Union College, in the city of Schenectady— similar grants to about 
$418,500, exclusive of its portion of the last mentioned lands. 

3. Hamilton College, at the village of Clinton in the town of Paris, Oneida 
county— similar grants to about g 106,000. [The residue of its funds were 
made up by donations and subscriptions — amount unknown.] 



LITERARY INSTIIUTIO.NS AM) GRANTS Rf:LIEF, Jiic. 25 

^*^* " Washington College," to be established on Staten-Island, for which a 
charter was conditionally granted, has not bect» organized. 

4. The College of Physicians and Hurgeuns in tiie city of New-York— 
grants atnoiinting to 535,000. 

5. The College of Physicians and Surgeons in the fVestem District, at Fair- 
field, Herkimer county — do. 5ir>,000. 

6. ►■i College, on an extensive plan, for the education of eacii sex in sepa- 
rate buildings, has been founded at Itliaca in 'J'oni|'Uins county, and large build- 
ings begun — relying, as yet, on donations and contributions. 

7. Presbyterian Theological Scmiuary, at Auburn, Cayuga county— 131'J. 

8. General Theological Seminary of the Protestant l''))iscopal Cliurcii of the 
United States, in the city of New- York, united with the Seminary of this 
Diocess — IB2\. 

9. Branch of tlir same Seminary at Geneva, Ontario county. 

10. Hartwick Literary and Theological Seminary, at Hartwick, Otsego 
county — 181C. 

11. Ac A DEM IKS, chartered by the Regents of the University, at Albany, Au- 
burn, Ballston, Bli»oming-Grove, East-Hampton, Kinderhook, Canandaigua, 
Aurora (Cayuga county,) Cattskiil, Cherry-Valley, Cambridge, Poughkeepsie, 
Delhi, Flatbush (Kings county,) Fairfn-ld, Gosiien, Greenville (Greene county,) 
Geneva, Hudson, Jorinstown (.Montgomery county.) Kingston, Lansingburgh, 
Lowville, Montgomery (Orange county,) New burgh, North-Salem, Ononda- 
ga, Cooperstown, Oxford (Chenango county,) Oyster-bay, Plattsburgh, Pom- 
pey, Schenectady, Potsdam, Jamaica, Salem (Washington county,) Warwick, 
and Whitesborough — 3f;. The Legislature has also incorporated aw Academy 
at Mount Pleasant; Female Academies, at Waterford, Cattskiil, and Albany; 
and The ll'esleyan Seminary (for both sexes) in the city of New-York — b. 
There are a.\%o Academies at Huntington, N<!W Uoclielle, Bedford (AVtst-Ches- 
ter coimty,) Orange-town, Claverack, Waynesburgh (Rockland county,) 
White Creek, Hyde-Park, Granville, Middlebury, Waddington. and Union 
Village (Washington county,) 12 : and, at sundry other places, a'»out i^) more, 
from which I have no particular information — making about fO in all. [And 
the United States' Military Academy is at West Point, Onwige county, in this 
State.] 

Some of these Academies, particularly that in Aib-'^iy, have two or three, 
able Professors, besides the Principal, and are hancJsomely endowed, by So- 
cieties and individuals. From the " Literature fond" the Regents have alrea- 
dv distributed among these Academies ;?07,000— chiefly to the fust .Sil. 

' 1-2. There is also the Instilulion in thf city of New- York for the Instruction 
oftlu Deaf and Dumb, to which the State has granted S'22,.'>00. and ,9£,50O 
more annualhj. The American Academy of Fine Arts, to which ,<^0,000 have 
been granted," witii the privileg,- of holding estate to the value ot S&,000 aw- 
nuaily.* The Xiiv- York Hlstoricc' Socidy—Thv. Lyceum of^Yfilural Histo- 
ry, (and similar institutions at Troy and Cattskiil)- The Literary and Philoso- 
phical Society— The Orphan Asylum Society— The JVeie- 1 o;7c Hospital (in- 
cluding the establishment of l.'ie Lunatick Asylum, &ic. kc.)— and many others 
—to some er all of which, t.'ie Legislature- has, at sundry times, gratited money 
to the amount of 700 or '00 thousand dollars. 

And to these latterm^■5Cl•llaneous state-charities may be added, 5^0,000 to the 
sufferers by the late war on the Niagara river— about 510,000 annually to^'ari- 
ous other purpose* of impntvemenl or relief — 510,000 (ninunlli/ towards the 
support of foreign poor in tlie city of Ni'W- York— and §14,000 annually to the 



•"Tbc American Acadcmv of Ungmge and Belles Leitres," (which snmo putihcaiions 
liavp in.ulvpricmiy conrounded wiih Ihai ol llie '• Fine Aris,") was orojeiled l.y iome iiernry 
fjcnllemen in iho city of Nc-w-York, and is eslal.liblicd on a l.road basis, well calciilaua to 
promote the t)esl interests of idiicatioii and free g.ivornmcni, and to cl..vaie the liieiary cha- 
racter of the country. But, as it is a i:eiirral (or more i.tdperly natioiwl) insiiiuiion, with 
members in eimy stale, nnd some of its most learnrd and efikient Iriends in llie extreme parts 
of the Union, its location, [ undcriland, is not vet ifffinUivehj settled. ,, i 

.'S'evs-pcrpers and /V»»f!»fr.— There arc published in ilic Stale 'M publick papers icccAVi/— J 

1 



26 STATE MUNIFICENCE, FUNDS, REVENUE, fee. 

Indians in this state * Moreover, many legislative acts of assistance or indem- 
nity have been passed in favour of skill and merit — many immunities bestowed 
to foster useful ingenuity. The state has throughout protected Fulton and 
Livingston in the rights and extensive privileges it granted for the invention or 
improvement of the Steam- Boat, which has formed a new era in the inter- 
course of the \vi)rld. And during the Revolution, the state set apart an im- 
mense body of the first land in the Union, called the " Militaiy Tract," to re- 
ward those who fought the battles of their country. Perhaps the world will 
yet believe that all republicks are not always ungrateful — or, at least, not al- 
icays ungenerous. 

STATE FUNDS, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURES. 

In 1810—11. 
The Rtvcnue and Expenditures of the State were, in the abstract, as follow s : 
— Lands, about 1,000,000 acres unsold: and State Funds ^4,191,803: 25, (in 
1800 about g2,900,000 : 00) the annual revenue of which is now ^278,489 : 96 
— besides which the Receipts at the Treasury, from various other sources, were, 
for the year 1810, ^626,042 : 88 (for 1791 ;gl27,648 ; for 1800 $192,028 : 71)— 
and during the same time were paid out ^606,328 : 22 (in 1791 $143,417 : 64, 
and in 1800 $261,765:03.) Estimated expenses for 1811, $268,366:22. 
Debts which the State owed, besides some small unliquidated demands, 
$880,000 (in 1800, $346,234 : 98.) Which (exclusive of the School Fund and 
Land, and of the 1,000,000 acres publick lands above named) gave about 
$30,000 annual excess of revenue over expenditures, and a permanent fund ex- 
ceeding the publick debt $3,311,803 : 25. 

In 1820—21. 

Since 1811, much of the State funds has been set apart for particular objects 
included under some of the foregoing heads; and undertaking the Canals, and 
other works, together with making considerable grants to sundry nistitutions, 
has necessarily consumed much publick money. All the lands of the State have, 
moreover, (as mentioned under the head of " School fund," &,c.) been recently 
appropriated to tli<» support of Common Schools. Still the general funds of 
the State now amount to $3,222,446 : 39— the annwaZ revenue of which (with 
some other sources of '.qcome) is $688,301 : 44. Of this income $242,500 are 
appropriated annually to the Canal Fund, N. Y. hospital, foreign poor, schools, 
&,c. as before mentioned— leaving for the ordinary expenses of Government 
$445,801:44. 

The receipts at the Treasury (1820) amoantod to $1,207,565 : 76. Balance 
m the Treasury before $108,797 : 8P, Total $1,316,363 : 62. Amount paid out 
and to be paid out, for same period, J^ 1,295,863 : 22. Balance $10,500 : 40; be- 



^r'Vnnrf'' ^'~ ,7 ^ ^veek--and 9 daily— m a\l, no ; which are supposed to distribute 
164,000 papers weekly, and 8,528,000 in a year— value about $270,000, AmV^-s tlie advertiz- 
ing. Ihere are upwards of ISO printing establishmews or offices, and several periodical li- 
terary works published, besides the above papers ; also, n vast many books, pamphlets, &c. 
—the number and value of which, I have no means of ascertaining. ' «- r 

* Indians. The originnl inhabitantsof the greater part of thtstate were the Iroquois, or The 
Five Nations,S,x IVations, or Confederate Nations, as they are a».c.nalel v called. Their centre 
or capital wasal Onondag-a Ihey at first consisted of the Moh,wks,"Oneidas, Onondaeas, 
Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterwards theTuscaroras removed from Nwth-Carolina and Virginia 
to this state, and were admitted into the coufederacv. After the Revolution, the Mohawks rc- 
"'Td ^ Canada-lhe Oneidas reside in Oneida and Madison— the Onondagas at Ononda-a 
and BuHalo creek, where also reside the Senecas, with some Cayugas and '1 mcaroras: though 
most of the 1 uscaroras reside at Tuscarora Village. Some few of the Iroquois reside on the 
Allegany and Oenesee rivers- some Oiiondagas and Cayugas in Canada. They have rapid- 
ly decreased ; and in 1796 amounted to only about 31M in the State-,wt-' much less The 
lie awares and some remnant of tribes from the south, once occupied the country about the 
Delaware and Susquehannah. The few that remain are on Buffalo, Tonnewanti, and Cat- 
araugus creeks There are a few of the St. Regis Indians in Franklin Counlv. The .Stock- 
1-[m„ ^ .'r"'A •? Massachusetts, reside in Oneida-also the Brothertown Indians. These 

have a meeung-house, gardens and fields, and other indications of civilization. 



STATE FUNDS CITY OF NEW- YORK — REVIEW. 27 

sides taxes to come in, for that p«'iiotl, 510,000 — making (with the J445, 801 :4t 
unappropriated revenue ahovi-) S jO(;,.;i)l : t;4, to meet the expenditures for 1821, 
wiiich wt rfenlinuitfd at «!3G8,500* Tin Stat«- oives (exclusive of thf Canal 
loans, which are provided for, as noted iindtr the htad of t'a/m/.t,) S 1,10(1,000. 
ThiiH— exclusive of Canal funds and loan>, the lit" ratnre and sclutol funds, 
gospel and school lands, and all tin- other revenues, ajjpropriated as mentioned 
mnUr the precediiifc heads— tiie State still has ahont Sl."5".000 annual excess 
of revenue over exponilitines, and a permanent fund exceediiif^ {h(^ pnhlickdebt 
gl,85i'i,44r):3!l— hesides an expected halafice from the U. S. for military ser- 
vices in tiie late war. And wluii the Canal fund, taxes, and toils shall have 
j)aid off the Canal loans, the annual revenue from duties on Salt and Auc- 
tions, and from the Canals themselves, will revert, and he added to the general 
funds of the State. 

REVIEW. 

Such, on a hrief review of our puhlick circumstances, we find the pres- 
ent happy and elevated situation of the State of New-York. It would not he 
unnatural, if it should, for a moment, awaken a sense of State-pride in the bo- 
som of every patriotick inhabitant. And while, in common with the thou- 
sands, who have exchanged their native states for a honn- in this, 1 shall lose 
the most endearing recollections of New- England and its virtuous and happy 
people only with life itself — while I admire the enterprise of the brave and 
generous sons of the West, and the rt fmemenl and hospitality of the South — 
while I duly appreciate, I trust, the great natural advantages and respectability 
of Ohio and Pennsylvania — and while 1 revere the long-tried talents and pat- 
riotism of Virginia, and the learning anrl wisdom of .Massachusetts, veneraAi/e 
noinen .'—I yet confess, that to he a citizen of the State of New-York now 
seems to me a thing of some distinction. 

But other and far different reflections succeed the first gratulatory impulse. 
As a State, New-York has faults, and great ones too. Many may still be found 
in her constitution and courts — learned and highly respectable, as are many 



* The expenses of the late Convention could not be included in this estimate, as that measure 
was not then decided on. Tliis extra expense (al)out g42,000) is to be provided lor in the 
present vear. 

18'22 —After the above abstract was made out, the Governour's Speooh to liie Legislature, 
(and since that llie Report of the Comptroller (or 1822,; exhibited a /ata- view ol our finan- 
ces. Whatever variation there may be Irom tlio results above stated, arises from ilie (tijjemiceof 
time ; as mv statements, relative to all i\w tuiids, are made (rom OllHial Reports and Papers 
of 1321— excepting the appropriation o( our lands to the Commmi Sclvol fund and other al- 
terations made t»y the Amen.led Constitution, which lias been ntlnpted by the people svire the 
session of the Legislature conimenceii. My siatemenis and calculations, where not otlierwue 
represented, are for the year lfl21. 

CiTV or Nkw-Yokk.— h mav not l)C uiiinterestirr.; here to add that the Receipts of ihc 
Ciiy Government for tiie year cnJingMavl.5tli,IH2l, amounted to if.V;.3,f)r!n:9fi—£.r;«'m/i7K;-M, 
same period 5.5.TO,9'J8 : 91. [These two sums were from 5I(H),000 io^l.iO,(lOO buffer than 
the estimates for that year, in consequence of the extra expense ol building Fulton Makel and 
obiainmg a loan thcretbr.] 

The pubhck Di-U o( the City, unredeemed at the close of 1S21, was jtliOS 1,950— said debt 
having been reA/crc/ 52IB,0jO since 1811). . 

Th.; Receipln lor the y<,ar ending next May, are estiinat-ui (including the bcilancc in the 
Treasury) at St25,C71 : Xt, and the ExpatdUurcs at 5 124,771 : 3h, including the completion of 
the various improvements already commenced This exceeds tiic receipts ami expenditures 
of any StiUe in the Union, exr.pt the .State of New-York ; and, exelusi\e of the extra opi-ra- 
tions on the Canals, nearly ec^uals the monied transactions even of tliat slate in ordinarij 
years. . ,• , • , 

The Revenue of the City is derived trom renu, wharlage, variou.'* licences, femes, penal- 
lies, fees, .sundry privileges and pcr(|uisites, duties on vcikIucs, taxation, kc. fcc. Very 
great puhlick improv<!meiits have been made lhrougli<iut the City in the last five years, .ind 
more very important ones are \n roiitemplation. •,/--. ,« -,oi 

Pro^TCfsttv Popitlnliim of tin- CVi/ — '1 In- number of inhabitanlji was 4,.'{02 in IG!!/ — 10,.»8l 
,n 1756—21,863 in 1771— 2.3,(11 4 in I7H(J— 33,131 m I7!K)— f.0,439 in I!;(l0-9ti,372 in UtlO 
— 10O,t519 in I8IG— and I2.},70« m 1820 : exhibiting an imrease o( more than 100,000 ucoplc 
(from only about 20,000^ siricf the acknowledgment of American ludcpcndenco ! and -0,000 
in the //'•>' forir vears, since the close ol the last War ' ' 



28 REVIEW — PROSPERITY GOVERNMENT. 

of those, who have administered her laws. More might be found in her laws 
themselves ; although the great prosperitj' and happiness, the people have en- 
joyed under them, constitute no faint eiilogium. And seeing what has thus far 
been done or commenced, notwithstanding many errours and comparatively 
small means, we should turn our thou<!;hts more on whul further is to be done 
for the prest^ntand future generations, in discharge of our greatly increased du- 
ty and responsibility, than on the easy elevation we now enjoy. As the stew- 
ards of the Great Giver of all our signal advant\ges, we should not forget — 
our statesmen should never, for a moment, forget — that " unto whomsoever 
much is given, of him shall mucii be required." We are not to waste the fair 
inheritance left us by the founders of the republick ; nor, because we may have 
improved it, are we to squander what ought to constitute a rich and permanent 
patrimony for ages to come. And this high responsibility is enhanced by the 
single reflection, too often sadly verified in the progress both of nations and 
individuals — that, it is more easy to acquire a high reputation, than to pre- 
serve it. 

New- York has, moreover, to recollect that her natural and relative situation 
in the Union has given her much of tlie commercial business and population 
of her neighbours ; and, that if she have fairly earned the title of first among 
Iter equals — " primus inter pares" — yet many others have contributed to the 
distinction. Vermont, Connecticut, and New-Jersey, who bore so honoura- 
ble a part in the Revolution, swell the commerce of her Great City ; and the 
South pours some of its riches into lier lap. Without these just considera- 
tions, our rapid progress could not be accounted fur on the ordinary principles 
of human events. But yesterday, as it were — where now stand Utica and 
Rome, and where a great artificial river is now coursing its proud career of 
S60 miles to the great inland Seas of the West, bearing on its bosom the pro- 
ducts of states and the business of cities — nothing but savage wilds and more 
savage tenants existed. W^hile yet, I seem to see the warm tears flow, that 
filled the eyes of a parent or brother as he spoke of a son or companion mis- 
erably perishing for want, or slain and cruelly disfigured by savage hordes, at 
Herkimer or Fort Stanwix — a polished population and crowded towns, bless- 
ed with peace and plenty in all their borders, rise to my astonished sight, and 
westward afar extend the grateful scene. Reflecting on such a sudden and 
total transformation ; on the freedom and security in which we now live ; and on 
the means of individual happiness and comfort, of moral and literary improve- 
ment, as well as of national prosperity, now sjiread before us ; the most cold 
ov stubborn heart must be melted with gratitude for deliverance, for prefer- 
ment like this ! 

We cannot hut remember, also, what division of publick sentiment recently 
existed on the subject of our last and greatest improvement; and, that sharp 
opposition increased that division, ever confounding measures, whether politi- 
cal or not, with pre-conceived political dislike of individuals, who may propose 
or pursue them. This very naturally arosi! from the political animosity and 
strife for power and place, which unhappily detract something from the repu- 
tation of the State. It is a penallij we must ever pay for our proud situation, 
unless further preventives shall be provided by the constitution and laws. 
It is the very nature of political power, patronage, and emolument (which 
promise so much easier a life than lalxuu- or professional drudgery,) if not re- 
duced to the loivfst standard by which the execution of publick duties can be 
insured,* not only to cause men to sigh for promotion, but to make them ima- 

* Moreover, the people should not part with amj of this power and patronage, which they 
can, in their orij^inal chniacter and local situation, exercise or bestow judiciously. And I see 
no reason to bL'lieve, liiat the people of this state are either not upright or intelligent enough 
to do so in all town and county concerns, as well as in those of villages and cities, and to choose 
directly all their own piililick servants (as judiciously, at least, as they can choose a govern- 
owr,) except judges of courts of record and ol' equity, and a very few oflicers for geiteral or 
State duties. 

If Mr. Hume had reason to believe, many years ago, (as his " Idea of a Perfect Common- 
wcalih" assures us?) that the people of Great feriiain aud Ireland were " good judges enough" 



KVILS OF POLITICAL STRIFE OUR DUTV. 29 

gine thcrasolves better (jualified to superintend tlienublick weal, tiian their 
oTvn intlividiial business, and to al)andon tin- latter lor the purpose of what 
they call /•pathjh^ the State from the hands of weak or wirked rulers. In 
states where there is comparatively little political paJrona{:;e or puMick wealth, 
we see little or none of this warfare, on jjjood and valuable men of all jiarties. 
Poor countries, and times of great distress or oppression, seldom lack true 
patriotism or competent talents, thouj^h few envy the ollices, or thwart the 
measures of those, who exhibit these i|ualities at gnat hazard, or for small 
reward. 

Anil cannot rich countries, or periods «)f great pros])erity,be blessed with sufll- 
cient talents and patriotism to fulfill all the high duties of such times and conn 
tries, without lavishing money or jjovver enough, either to corrupt their posses- 
sors, or to instigate others to carry on a bitter u arfare fi)r their places r iMust our 
own abundance only engender discontent ; our acquisitions of knowledge and 
talents only create thirst lor exclusive domination ; and induce a pari of us 
to claim all rule, and proscribe the rest of society — when scanty means would 
be cheerfully resigned to such as should make the best use of them for the 
state, without reference to parties, and without a knowledge or even suspicion 
that one half or two-fifths of the community are enemies to their government 
and country? Are we doomed still to foment tliose dark and awful flames 
of discord, which have already lighted so many republicks "the dusky way 
to death ?" — To pervert our high unparalleled privileges to our own destruc- 
tion, and to tempt oiu" otherwise UKjst valuable citizens and honourable men to 
abuse each other, in advance, as the deliberate promoters of oiu' ruin? Is it 
thus that a c(mimunity — which, of all others that have ever existed, has the 
most abundant cause for thankfulness — requites the bounty of I'rovidence? 
And must we return to state-poverty and comparative ignorance, before we 
can be disinterested or charitable in matters of civil government, or learn to 
distinguish between statesmen and politicians,* between publick benefactors 

in such local matirrs ; and that theij could gfoverii themselves at ihu/ daij by suh-dividiiiff the 
counirv iiiio convenient counties and parisiies, vvliicli should elect tiieir own local rulers, leav- 
ing only geiierul concerns and appointinenls to the larger government consisting of delegates, 
chosen I'y the same people in tliose sub-divisions, as we already ciioose our legislature — who 
can <l()ul)t the practicalulity and safely of such a pollc) Jtow, in this country, alter considering 
our forty years' experience in government, and the foregoing view of our literary institutions 
and common schools, whose salutary effects have but just begun to be seen and li-lt ; and in 
a state loo, where periiutneni provision is so fully made, as in New- York, for reiulering every' 
human licing in the comrauiiity capable of judging and acting understandingly in all the du- 
ties incident to so democralick an<l free a ii^ovpriimenl ^ It was an al^jrming, a .solemn truth 
uttered by .Milton, that in all goveriimcnls, the great errour was, tn •^urern too iniicli ! And 
it is equ illy erioneous to govern or be govenied by ptTSons far ojf, and almost unknown and 
irresponsible to the governed. 

It was the force of such truths ; a wise " dixiriist," which Demosthenes denominates " the 
guard and security of the people in free states" ; and a fear, that too much rclinenieiii in gov- 
ernment (a polite term for the intrigues of politicians) would destroy ils siinplirilv — wliieli in- 
duced the people of Massacliuselts, New-Hainpsliire, Oiiio, and other States, to I'lisert in their 
several Conslitiitions a clause, d-ctitring (he duty and necessity u\' n freijiifDt ri-rurreitre tn first 
priiiciplis. And since these coii.ililutioiis were framed, we have, or we siipjwse we have, 
been growing more ca|>able of understanding llie nature and duties of govuriiinent. h is 
manilest to every man, who recollects the very limited education and political and literary 
knowledge o( the people at large in I77!t, that we are 7intr a widely difTerent people in this 
respect; and lliai we have no longer much occasion to rely on tlie advice or direciion of Uie 
educated /<nc — at least, not in matters immeJiaUlij u-ithiii our own observation. Whatever, in 
short, the people c'i/j do conveniently for themselves, they should never siip]Myrt or allow others 
to do lor them. 

If it be not so^tlien, our boast of repulilicanism and self-government ; our endearing and 
food attachments to universal education and equality ol [H>litical an<l civil rights, the lornier ol° 
which was to <|ualilv us wi.selv to cxerci.se and eiijov the latter ; all our exalted ideas of the 
efficacy of our free and enlightened systems of government — are, not merelij " vain and eiii|)ly 
things," but " unreal inix'keries :" anil, in the language of Addison, wc have already gone for 
to refine oursdcts out of our virtue. 

* It was well said l)y C. G. Haines, Esq. in a Speech at the Ncw-Vork Forum, full of 
good seu.sc and discrimination — " llial, at the seat of government, men are but too apt to 
degenerute into mere politicians — politicians become ollice-huntcrs — uid an olUce-hunler is 



30 REVIEW SUCCESS — PROSPECTS. 

and publick dictators? — Or, will the PEOPLE — the great body of the en- 
lightened and virtuous people of the State — who own and who should govern 
all — arrest the evil, and judge of men by their works, for and by themselves ? 
If this be not done — If we do not soon abandon or stop such a course of 
things in this state, we may well dread, some future day, not only the inter- 
ruption of our prosperous career of improvement, but the loss of whatever of 
state-reputation and acquirements we now enjoy — and even liberty itself. 

This evil genius of republicks — this spirit of political speculation, rancour, 
and proscription had, at one time, nearly arrested or utterly destroyed our 
whole plan of inland navigation, " Doubts and darkness" seemed to " rest 
upon it." By whatever men or means, by whatever power or agency, the 
jarring elements and discordant interests were reconciled, soothed, or com- 
bined, or the merits of the cause made apparent to such a portion of the ini- 
mical or doubtful, as to produce sufficient harmony to renew and prosecute it 
with such success : — we must admit, that our good genius for once predomi- 
nated. And glancing back, for a moment, to the apparently insuperable ob- 
stacles, which then made many despair of the undertaking ; and turning again 
to the approaching consummation of a policy, which will soon open to us 
such extensive sources of convenience, wealth, and comfort, and constitute our 
highest praise — observing, too, what happy unanimity of sentiment and action, 
(even amongst those who once most widely differed,) now prevails on that po- 
licy, throughout the state — we perceive a result as wonderful as it is propi- 
tious ; and cannot but feel, that in all this, we have been the objects of pecu- 
liar fortune or favour. With the grateful shepherd in Virgil, we may fer- 
vently say, 

■ — ■ Deus iiol)is liac otia fecit ; 

Namque erit ille mihi semper deus. 

But if we are ready thus to exclaim, on contemplating these events, what 
should we say and feel, could we but draw aside the curtain that veils the fu- 
ture, and behold the effects which the great measures of the last few years 
will produce for oiu- successors ? Agriculture, the basis of all power and pros- 
perity, perfected — manufactures flourishing beside the farmer, and furnishing 
means and creating wants for immense interna! commerce and interchange of 
productions and fabricks from Maine to iMissouri, and from Florida to Michi- 
gan — foreign commerce still supplying what our own country affords not on 
better terms — our deep-laid systems of general education, conferring alike on 
all the people that instruction which sustains our hope that we shall survive 
the assaults of party, and outlast the period of all former republicks — learning 
and science, and our literary institutions, patronized by the community, as 
they, in turn, adorn and dignify it — and our Grand Canals, besides their bene- 
fits to our own citizens and our immediate neighbours, eminently promoting 
the wellare of the United States, by enhancing the value and income of the 
publick lands, by stimulating other states to like exertions, but more by 
introducing a unity of views and feelings, a concert of interests and action, 
which, we trust, will prolong our confederated government — united, free, and 
happy — " beyond all Greek, beyond all Roman fame." Such, with the bless- 
ing of Heaven upon the upright discharge of our duties, may be our rational 
anticipations : such, by Divine goodness, are the realities, which already begin 
to brighten the face of our country and gladden the hearts of her people. 

" Oh, scenes surpassing- fable, and yef true ; 
" Scenes of accomplish 'd bliss ! which, who can see, 
" Thousfh but in distant prospect, and not feel 
" His soul refresh'd with foretaste of the joy." 



a pest in society." Gen. Root, in the Assembly, has often marked this distinction with equal 
force and less ceremony. The science of these " would-be rulers of the free," some learnedly 
call Machiavelianism ; Gabriel Naude might dignify it with the title of " Refined Politicks:" 
but, in blunt and honest English, it is small cunning and great hypocrisy. 



SUMMARY VIEWS CURIOSITIES CONCLUSION. ol 

Witli a few inorp ofeHero/ sketchos of circumstances, as yet omitted, and 
•vvhicli form tlie outlines of "tlie wiiolr ground," 1 haste to tlic 

CONCLUSION. 

In addition to the sjoodncss of our soil and the exrollnnce of our tinihrr, wc 
have inexiiaustihic .Miurral Waters, (at Bnllston and Saratoga,) inon- ellka- 
cious and valuablf than the hest medicinal springs of Kurope. Most kinds of 
clay, lime-stone, sulphur, plunihay;o, ochre, isiiiK-Rlass, and Hint, are plenty ; 
and, in some parts of the state have been found lead, copper, zinck, tin, py- 
rites of copper and iron, |)eat, spar, asbestos, rock cin ystals, various kinds of 
petrifactions, and some silver-ore. Wild animals lioth for food and for fur or 
skins, though not so plenty as formerly, yet abound in the unsettled and some 
other parts of the state ; and wild fouls, of most kinds, are still caught in 
abundance. Our terrilonj (containing more than fifty tliousand square miles, 
of which four or five thousand are uatfr,*) stretches from the Allantick the 
whole length of New-Kngland, and spreads along the St. Lawrence and three 
great navigable lakes. Kmbracing the head-waters of tlie Oiiio, and two 
other large rivers which |)ass southerly through other states — the whole 
course of the hest river in the United States, and, perhaps, in the world — to- 
gether with twenty other rivers navigable by boats and rafts — this State af- 
fords the hest passage in the Union, both by land and water, from tide-waters 
to the extensive navigable Lakes of the west There is not a mountain or 
any great unavoidable hill to pass between Albany and Lake Erie. It is the 
only state, too, (except at the narrow and N. E. extremity,) which extends 
across the whole width of the United States' territory ; and the only spot on 
which the Atlantick and the Lakes run be united by ship-navigation, should 
that ever be thought an object, in any point of view. This peculiar situation, 
with its other advantages, renders this state highly interesting to the states- 
man, the man of business or enterprise, the emigrant, and the traveller. With 
the latter, especially, the ready and safe conveyance up the Hudson and to 
Lower Canada, and the good roads and accommodations westward, with the 
choice of an easy and interesting passage on the canals, and then from Bufl'alo 
in the steam-boat to Detroit, or any place on the lakes — will he additional in- 
ducements to visit a country of this description; which (besides many inter- 
mediate sublime natural views and objects) contains on its western confines 
the greatest natural curiosity in the world,! and in its centre a most splendid 
artificial one: — a country interspersed (exclusive of the great waters before 
named) with more than ffleeu lakes, from ten to forty miles in length, and 
numerous smaller ones — exhibiting as great an extent, variety, and beauty of 
inland water-scenery as all the other states together. 

Should this Manual, therefore, have any tendency to render the present 
circumstances, firf>s|>ects, and advantapes of such a country more generall}' 
known ; its civil divisions and topography more easily undcrstooil ; or the lo- 
cal situation of its numerous vilhiges and settlements more readily to be ascer- 
tained ; or should it in any manner prove useful or convenient in oflices and 
counting-rfioms — at houses of publick entertaim7ient and resort — at places of 
publick business — on the route of the traveller — or in the closet of the citizen 
and student — it will atlord no inconsiderable degree of satisfaction to the 
author. 

February 2i)th, liii± 

* This gives an average of al>oui Ihirtij persons to each sijnare mile of our land. 

t Besides ihn falls of IViapara — the falls of Geiinsce river, of the Catskill mountains, ol 
llhara, ofTrenloM, ;\n<\ of llie Cnlioes, are ereat curiosities ; as are. also, the Rock Briilpc 
in Wairrn county, the Alhivinl \\';iy (or Ridge Road) from Genesee tails to Ninjj.Tra river. 
and tlie passage ol'tiie Hu(ls<rn ilui>ui»h the ffiphlaniis. Glen's (nils and Lake (Jeorjrc itself 
are ohgects ofmueli ruriosily with all visiters to ///>• Sprin^x and Battle (Ground of Saratoga. 
And, in most rounlries, such olijects as the Giant of the Valley, Whiteface mountain, and 
Adgate's falls in Essex county ; Salmon creek falls in Lansing , tlie higii falls of Black 
river, and of Racket river; the Siilplmr Springs in Ontario county; and many others, 
^v(}uld receive minute attention Irom travellers and naturalists. 



32 

PROGRESSIVE POPULATION 

Gf the several Countits !n ibe SiatP, since 1770— with their presn^t nuraber of Members of AssemWy. 
The population of all but the tai old counties is according to the censuses next taken after new ones 
were formed. *^* ^m/ County bdow, having no figure, against it iw the first column, elects Assembly- 
jnen in ioiijunciion with such .ountyas has affixed to it a similar mark to itselfi^as, Hamilton* and 
Montgomery,'' k.c. [For Senatorial Districts, sec paged, ante,'] 



Names of Counties. 


In"l77i. 


In 1786. 


In 1790. 


In 1800. 


in 1810. 


In 1820. 


Hamilton* 














1251 


Cattaraugusf 












458 


4090 


Franklin| 












2719 


4418 


Richmond 


1 


2847 


3152 


3835 


4503 


5347 


• 6135 


Niagarat 


o 










6132 


7322 


Rockland 


1 








6353 


7758 


8837 


Sullivan** 












6108 


8900 


Le\vis 


1 











6433 


9227 


Alleganylf 












1942 


9330 


Warrenfj: 














9453 


Kings 


1 


3623 


3986 


4495 


5740 


8303 


11187 


Putnam 


1 












11268 


Clintont 


1 










8002 


12070 


Oswego*** 














12374 


Chautautjuet 












2381 


12568 


Essex 


1 










9488 


12811 


Schenectady 


2 












10201 


13081 


Broome 


1 











8130 


14343 


Eriet 
















15668 


St. Lawrence 


1 










7894 


16037 


Courtlandt 


1 










8793 


16507 


Tioga 


1 








6879 


7899 


16971 


Livingston 


1 













18444 


Tompkins 


2 













20681 


Queens 


3 


10980 


13084 


16014 


16893 


19.'336 


21510 


Steubenft 


2 








1788 


7243 


21989 


Greene 


2 








15870 


19541 


22996 


Schoharie 


3 








9808 


18945 


23154 


Seneca 


2 











16609 


23619 


Suffolk 


3 


13128 


13793 


16440 


19494 


21113 


24272 


Delaware 


2 








10228 


20303 


26587 


Monroe 


1 












26855 


Ulster** 


4 


13950 


22143 


29397 


24855 


2657G 


30934 


Herkimer 


S 








14479 


22060 


31017 


Chenango 


5 








15666 


21702 


31215 


Madison 


3 










25144 


32208 


West-Chester 3 


2174.0 


20554 


24003 


27423 


30272 


32633 


Jefferson 


2 










15040 


32952 


Saratoga 


4 








24483 


33147 


36052 


Montgomery* 5 




15057 


28848 


21700 


41214 


37569 


Albany 


4 


42706 


72360 


75736 


34043 


34661 


38116 


Columbia 


4 






27732 


35322 


32390 


38330 


Washington:!.] 


y 




4456 


14042 


35574 


44399 


38831 


Cayuga 


3 









15871 


29840 


38897 


Rensselaer 


5 








30442 


36388 


40153 


Genesee 


3 










12588 


40200 


Orange 


4 


10092 


14069 


18492 


29355 


34347 


41213 


Onondaga 


4 








7406 


26078 


41461 


Otsego 


5 








21636 


38667 


44856 


Dutchess 


5 


22404 


32636 


45266 


47775 


51412 


46615 


Oneida*** 


5 









22047 


33828 


50997 


Ontario 


5 






1075 


15218 


42026 


61185 


New-York 


11 


21163 


23614 


33131 


60489 


96372 


123706 


Total, 1 


26 


16338C 


238904 


340120 


586141 


959049 


1372812 



S3 
COMMON SCHOOLS, 1821.— VALUATION. 

Note. — The Ist column of fi;;ures in tliis Tabic exliibits fne No. of towns and cities 

The 2d, the No. of School-districts in ilip towns which have made reports to the 
Secretary of State, who is now. ex officio, Su|icrin(endent of Common Schools — 
The 3d, the No of districts which have re()orted — 
The 'llh, the average No. of months schools were kept — 

The Ml, the amount (in dolls.) of money reed in the districts which have reported — 
The 6lh, the No. of children taui^lil in such districts — 
The 7th, tiie No. of do. between 5 and 13, residini; in same districts — 
'I'he Cth and last, the umuiint of the Assessors' Valuation of real and personal pro- 
J)Crty, in dullars — All for \nz\. 

'^' Ha.milto.n county is included in Montgomery; and the Valuations for Rich- 
mond and Franklin are only tstimalts. the returns not being received. 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

Chautauque 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Courtlandt 

Columbia 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Genesee 

Greene 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston 

Madison 

Montgomery 

Monroe 

IS'ew-York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Ontario 

Onondaga 

Orange 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer 

Richmond 

Rockland 

Saratoga 

St. LauTcnce 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Sutlolk 

Tio^a 

Tompkins 

rUler 

\\arren 

Washington 

Wesl-Cliester 



Grand Total 



11 

8 
10 
13 
11 
17 

6 
10 
1) 
17 
16 
13 
II 

6 
2G 
10 
13 
13 

6 

8 
12 
12 
15 
14 

1 

7 

21 

21 

12 

II 

12 

21 

3 

6 

14 

4 

4 

19 

17 

6 

9 

7 

1 

7 

9 

9 

7 

1.^ 

9 

lU 

21 



121 

83: 

123 

181 

128 

226 

48 

116 

171 

176 

212 

105 

92 

33 

285 

102 

139 

1C3 

17 

57 

113 

172 

186 

139 

40 
267 
325 
208 
17? 
100 
2.56 

05 

35 
172 

17 

34 
182 
137 

44 
123 
124 
156 

34 
108 
131 
103 
114 

64 
231 
143 



613 6,659 5,882 



120 
63 
99 

173 

83 

201 

41 

lot! 

157 

136 

193 

74 

87 

32 

228 

92 

144 

139 

17 

54 

91 

162 

169 

143 

22 
242 
285 
199 
154 

75 
250 

66 

63 
163 

17 

27 
181 
100 

43 
108 

91 
136 

48 

92 

90 
100 
107 

32 
216 
139 



10 



10 

7 

8 

7 

11 

10 

II 

10 

9 

6 

9 

9 

« 

6 
7 
7 
7 
9 
C 
7 
C 



4862 

769 

1711 

4911 
975 
4550 
1373 
2396 
4744 
3400 
6360 
1233 
18 
639 
2810 
272S 
4349 
3071 
1063 
1043 
1740 
4848 
53.54 
2322 
14738 
169 
6831 
6379 
6816 
5482 
1283 
6257 
1441 
2867 
5659 
870 
1050 
1910 
1249 
1103 
2997 
3186 
191-.'i 
1129 
2430 
1808 
3621 
3791 
890 
6634 
3673 



6758 
2280 
4393 

11287 
38GC 
11220 
2199 
6063 
8487 
8061 
10239 
3726 
3883 
1340 
11829 
4374 
9278 
8444 
662 
300j 
5110 
11600 
9389 
3610 
6609 
1184 
13894 
17737 
12968 
8177 
3691 
1462: 
2420 
2127 
10577 
777 
1339 
10297 
4186 
2.328 
5669 
657 
561 
1969 
5003 
4634 
687 
6184 
2175 
12711 
5482 



7600 
2341 

4079 

11217 
3331 
9561 
2434 
6462 
9670 
7683 

10872 
3566 
3333 
1314 

10166 
6915 
9230 
SOOO 
2515 
2803 
5391 
9851 

11333 
7935 

1130 
14491 
17513 
12866 
11299 

3275 
13443 

3210 

5169 
11801 

1844 

10663 
3992 
2736 
669' 
6581 
5936 
2308 
5276 
4561 
7021 
7529 
2J7»; 

ll5I»;i 
7621 



'.]\ 157,195 332,979 339,25[; 2U,98.V5.32 



7484647 
816984 
1717397 
1702549 
2591726 
1698415 
3231330 
1298322 
1790964 
6612886 
3801970 
11964749 
2208928 
965079 
600000 
4694634 
4-133874 
518.3913 
2483671 
3513164 
1598689 
2177901 
3192165 
507G345 
3249194 
68285070 
1184547 
6869632 
6353473 
2952400 
7792753 
1422519 
4919378 
1746602 
6870775 
663 1920 
670000 
1856404 
3324310 
1864089 
1345850 
2534937 
31932G6 
1651097 
1325171 
48S947I 
1939684 
l;!32240 
2:.')9716 
1098767 
4997021 
8105942 



34 
BANKS IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. 

[IT ^e Article, " BANKS," on page 17, ante.] 





Wlien in- 


.'imount of 


of wnich 


JJo Coll. 




Title of Ba7ik. 


corporat- 
ed. 


Stock au- 
thorized. 


stiite sub- 
scribed 


k Acad, 
may sul). 


Place where. 


1 Bank of New-York 


1791 


1120000 


65000 


55000 


New-York 


2 Brink of Albany 


1792 


360000 


45000 


55000 


Albany 


3 Bank of Columbia 


1793 


200000 


20000 


20000 


Hudson 


4 Manhattan Company 


1799 


2050000 50000 




New-York 


r* Farmers' Bank 


1801 


345000 30000 


15000 


Troy 


6 New- York State Bank 


130.'5 


680000 


180000 


40000 


Albany 


7 Merchants' Bank 


1305 


1470000 


180000 


40000 


New- York 


8 Mohawk Bank 


1807 


205000 


5000 




Schenectady 


9 Bank of Hudson 


1808 


325000 


15000 


10000 


Hudson 


10 Mechanicks'Bankin ? 
the city of N. York $ 


1810 


2000000 






New-York 


11 Union Bank 


1811 


1800000 






Do. 


12 Mechanicks' k Far- ^ 












mers' Bank in the s 


do. 


630000 


30000 




Albany 


city of Albany ) 












13 Bank of Troy 


do. 


550000 


50000 




Troy 


14 ^nO^'ce of Discount ) 
k, Deposit of Do. at ^ 










Waterford 












15 Middle District Bank 


do. 


550000 


50000 




Poughkeepsie 


1 6. ^nO^ce of Discount ? 
&i Deposit of Do. at ^ 










Kingston 


ITBankofNewburgh 


do. 


450000 


50000 




Newburgh 


J 8 w3?iO/^cfcof Discount? 










Ithaca 


&, Deposit of Do. at ^ 










19 Bank of Utica 


1812 


1000000 






Utica 


£0 ^nO^ce of Discount ? 
h Deposit of Do. at \ 










Canandaigua 


£1 Bank of America 


do. 


6060800 


60800 




New-York 


£2 Phccnix Bank 


do. 


700000 






Do. 


23 City Bank of N.York 


do. 


200000r. 






Do. 


24 Ontario Bank 


1813 


500000 






Canandaigua 


25 Branch of Do. at 










Utica 


26 Bankof Lansingburgh 


do. 


. 240000 


20000 


20000 


Lansingburgh 


27 Cattskill Bank 


do. 


400000 






Cattskill 


£8 Bank of Orange Co. 


do. 


400000 






Goshen 


£9 Bank of Niagara 


1816 


400000 






Buffalo 


30 Jefferson Co. Bank 


do. 


400000 






Adams 


31 Bank of Geneva 


1817 


400000 






Geneva 


.S2 Bank of Auburn 


do. 


400000 






Auburn 


33 Bank of Washington } 
and Warren ^ 


do. 


400000 






Sandy Hill 


S4 Bank of Plattsburgli 


do. 


.300000 






Pittsburgh 


35 Greene County Bank 


1818 


90000 






Cattskill 


.36 Central Bank 


do. 


200000 






Cherry-Valley 


37 Bank of Chenango 


do. 


200000 






Norwich 


38 Franklin Bank of the ) 


do. 


500000 






New-York 


city of New-York ^ 












39 Bank for Savings in ? 
the city of N. York \ 


inio 








Do. 


1 U 1 *T 










40 Albany Savings Bank 


1820 








Albany 


41 Bank for Savings in > 


1821 








Utica 


the village of Utica I 












42 North River Bank of ^ 
the city of N. York i 


do. 


500000 






New-York 


43 Office of Discount Sf ? 


1816 


S Cap. of mother bank at ^ 


Do. 


rlc;7o.-5i«ofthcU.S.B. ^ 




I Philaa. 


35, 


aoo/)ooS 





XKW-VOllK CITV AM) COLiNTV, 

(being Manhalian or York Island, with Black «,. 11 's, Manning's, Great and Liiiic Bam, and 

oilier small islands, lu Vurk Bav and Easl River,) 
Is bounded >. by Hudson s river and Wesi-Cliesicr Co. E. by Spuylen Devil creek or Hacr- 
lem river, und by low water mark on llie, Lon-,'- Island side offcast river; S. by East 
nver anl \ ork Bay ; and W. by the New-Jcrsey line on Hudson's river ; containing liJ,70G 
tnhabUuiUs, ol whom aI6 are Slaves. 



Town': 



lahub. 



f 



NEW-YORK 

[City,]*t 
containing 
Ten ff'ards, 
which in elec- 
tions, taxes, 8ic. 
constitute 
Ten Towns; 

and 
71 places of pub- 
lick worship ; 
and 2 Colleges. 



. 123,706, 



Villages auJ other places. 
Hit ft em ; f 
liloomingditk ; 
Manfinllanvillc ; 
Elgin [Botanick Garden;] 
Inck'l)ergli ; 
Pcterslield ; 
Rose Hill ; 
Beiicvtie ; 
Mount Vernon ; 
Hajilem Heights ; 
Fort Washington at ^ 
Mount Washington ; ^ 
Fort Prince ; Fort Tryon ; 
Fort George ; North Fort; 
Fort Gansevoort ; 
Fort Wood, on Bedlow's Island ; 
Crown Fort, on Ellis's Island ; 
Fort Columbus and ? ,^ , i i j 

Castle Williams, on ( t,ovem»r s Island; 



13G 
13'J 
135 
140 



110 



142 
145 



144 



130 
137 
144 
141 



Castle Clinton, or West Battery ; 

Bussing's Point ; 

Kingsbridge ; 

Hell-Gate ; 

Corlaer's Hook ; 

A7/j'5 Bay ; 

Greenwich, (a) 

(a) This viliajje is now nearly merged in the compact City itself, and will soon lose its 
distinctive character and name in the general mass of population and buildini^s. The rapid 
march of improvement has also swept away " Richmond Hill" and other eminences, cover- 
ing their sites with streets and dwellings. V 
— — — — ■% 

ROCKL\ND COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Orange Co. E. by Hudson's river, which separates it from West-Ches- 
ter Co. and S. W. by New-Jersey ; and contains 8,837 inluibitanis, of whom 124 are Slaves. 

Rivers, ^-c. — Part of Hudson's, Hackinsack, Passaick, and Ramapough rivers; the Slotc 
creek, kc. 

Mountains, Sf-c. — Part of the Highlands, Nyak Hills, &.C. 



Clarkstown 



Hampstead 



Havcrstraw 



Orangetown t 



Inhab. 



1808- 



2072' 



(00 



2257 



Villages and other places. 

3 CLarkstotcn ;\ 130 

N'tw City, at Rockland Court-Housc ; * 

Slaughter's Landing ; 

Verdrietige Hook. 
2 Ramapough ; \ 128 

New Antrim ; 

Kakiak ; 

Dater's Works. 
1 fVauntsburgh ; Hd 

Surternsville ; 

Gibraltar ; m; 

Old Fort Clinton : 1 14 

Smith's Landing ; 

Stone y Point ; 121 

Dunderbergh. 120 

Tappan ; \ 127 

Slote Landing ; 127 

JVi/ak ; 

GreenbuBh. 



66 



SUFFOLK COUNTY, (on Long-Island,) 

Is bounded N. by L. I. Sound, E. and S. by the Ocean, and West by Queens County ; and 
contains 24,272 inhixbitants, of whom 323 are Slaves. 

Bays, ^. Huntington Bay, Gardener's do. Great Peconick do. Great West do. Great 

South do. Shinnecaugh do. Toad do. Bull-Head do. Meco.-i do. Quonick do. Drown Meadow 
do. Setauket do. Stoney Brook harbour, Acabontick do. Three mile do. RonconcomaPond, 
Sagg Pond, &ic. . 

Rivers, <^c.— Peconick, Connecticut, Patchogue, Nissaquague, Conetquot, and Oriwauke 
rivers — Mattatuck creek, &ic. 



Inbab. 



Brookhaven f 



East-Hampton 



1616 



Huntington 



4944 



Isllp t 



Riverhead 



Villages and other places. 



5218 < 



202 
204 
200 
£10 
204 
£07 
126 
212 
207 



1156 < 



1857 



2 Setaxiket;^ 

3 Patchogue ; f 
3 Stoney Brook ; 

Milkr^s Place ; 

Coram ; 

Old Man's ; 

Moriches ; f 

Fireplace (or Carman's ;) f 

Middle Island (or Middletoion ^ | 

West Middle Island (or New Settlement ;) 
3 Drown Mtadoxo;] £04 

Rocky Point ; 213 

JVeiv Village, (or West Fields ;) 

Blue Point ; 

Brookfield, on St. George's Manor ; 

Old Field (or Sharp) Point ; 

Smith's Point at Mastick ; 

Crane Neck ; 

Mount Misery : 206 

Squantick ; 

Bald Hill. 

East-Hampton ; t 256 

Ammeganset ; 

Jlccobonnuck ; 

Wenscoat ; 

JVorth West ; 

Gardiner's Island : 

Montauk [Point ;] 

Napeage Harboui'. 
'2 Huntington ; \ 184 

2 Babylon, or ? , jgj, 
Huntington South ; ^ ' 

3 Queens Village, on Lloyd's Neck : 
Cold Spring Harbour ; 

. Crab Meadow (or the Hook :^ j 
\ Half- Hollow Hills : 

Coil) Harbour : 

Dixhills ; \ 

Commack ; 

Eaton's Neck ; 
L West Hills. 

Islip ; 

Nichols's Patent ; 

Oak, Cap Tree, Grass, 
t and Fire Islands. 
5 Riverhead (and Suffolk C. H.)*t 

Wading River ; 

Ocquebogue ; 

Baiting Holloic. 



195 



2S4 



>/ 



Towns. 



Sniitlitowii + 



Southhold 



xines 



South-Hampton 4229 i 



Shelter-Island 



SUFFOLK COUNTV Continued. 

Inliab. Vil)n(;cs and oilier idaccs. 

rs Tht Branch (C. C. O.) 1^ 

j Hiiuppaui^ue ; 

I .Mills's Pond; 19r 

1871 \ H'iid of tliL- Harbour 
at SIii;rriwauj;li ; 
I The River, or Phitips's Milii : 19£ 

(^ Wiiinocomick. 
f Southhold ; \ 241 

Slerlinp: ; 
j Maltatuck ;\ 

Oijstcr Pond Point ; f 2&1] 

Cutchogue ; f 

Fisher's, Robin, Plum, Gull, Ram, ) 
and Little Hog Neck Islands : ^ 

Iiars!ianiiuiio<|ue. 
(l Sdffg-Hnrbour [inc.] (Dep. C. C. 0.)+ 244 
3 Bridge- Hampton ; f 

fVtsl-Hampton ; f 
3 South- Hampton : + 

Flanders ; 

Sngg ; 

Mecoxc ; 

Canoe-Piacc ; 

Hog's Neck ; 

Shinnecaugh Plains ; 

Sppyunk ; 

(^itogue ; 

Beaverdam. 

Shelter and Great Ilog Neck Islands, 244 



SS9 



RICHMOND COUNTY, (being Stolen Island,) 

Is bounded N. by Newark Bay or Arthur Kull Sound, E. by York Baj', 
S. by the ocean, and W. by the aforesaid Bay or Sound, Avhich separates it 
from New- Jersey ; and contains G,135 inhabitants, of whom 5A-2 are slaves. 
Creeks, ^t. — Fresh-kill and other small creeks. 



Towiu. 



Castletown f 



Northficld 



Southficid 



Westfield 



Inliab. 



Villajos and other places. 

TnmpkinsviUe, at the ) 
Quarantine Ground ; ^ 

Clove Hills. 

Shooter's Island Si, Meadow 

Blazing Star Ferry. 

liiclnnond ; * (a) 

Old Town ; 

Fort Richmond, 

Fort Hudson, fc 

Fort Tompkins ; 

Signal Hill; 

(Jreat Kills. 

Prince's Bay ; 

Manees Poir)t ; 

Ward's Point; 
I SmoakiiiK Point; 
(^ Amboy Ferry. 

(a) Part of ihc villag:c of Hiclimoml is in Northficld. 



1027 



lO'.JO 



1012 



icir, 



at the 
Narrows. 



i:i 



1j7 



154 



38 



t^UEENS COUNTY, (on J^assau or Long-Island,) 

Isijounded N. by Long-Island Sound, E. by Suffolk Co. S. by the Ocean, and 
"W. by Kings Co. and East river ; and contains 21,0 19 inhabitants, of whom 
5>9 are slaves. 

Bays, fyc. — Rockaway, Parsonage, Merrick, Jerusalem, Cow, Jamaica, Oys- 
te, and Little Neck Bays ; Hempstead Harbour, Oyster Bay do. Cold Spring 
<}). Flushing Bay ; Newtown Creek, &.c. 



Towns. 



Flushins; 



Hempstead 



DOSt (b) 



Jamaica 



2110 (b) 



166 



178 



106 



175 



Oyster-Bay 4725 (b) ' 



Inhab. Villages and other places. 

l' 2 Flushing [inc.] \ 159 

Whitestoue ; 

Black Stump; 
2230 (b) ^ Little Neck ; 

I Little Neck Bay; 
I Lawrence Neck St Point : 
L Flushing Alley ; I 
' 2 Hempstead ; f 
3 .Year Rockaway ; 

Rockaway Beach; 

Raynortoiun ; 
3 Jerusalem ; (a) 

Hempstead South ;f 

Merrick's, on Whale Neck; 

Rockaway Neck ; 

Hempstead Plains ; 

Rum Point ; 

Hog Island ; 

1 Jamaica [inc.] t 
Springfield ; 
Little Plains. 

2 Oyster- Bay ; \ 

3 Jericho (C. C. 0.)f 
3 J^onvich ; 
3 Buckram; 

Musqueto Cove ,' 

Cedar Swamp ; 

JVolver-hollow ; 

Belhpage ; 

Wkeatley ; 

Mili jVeck ; 

Mill- River Hollow ; 

LaUingtown, or Probascos; 

Dosoris (or Coles's Mills;) 

Rocky Point ; 

Oak Neck ; 

Duck Pond ; 

Cove Neck ; 

Motts' Cove ; 

Fort Neck ; 

East Woods; 

Cow Harbour; 

Matinicock Point ; 

Unquau (or Unkawa) Neck ; 

Hog, Cow, and other Islands ; 

South Oyster-Bay ;t 172 

Great Plains. 



(a) This village is on or war the line of Oyster-Bay ; but chiefly, I believe, if not wholly, 
within the limits of Hempstead, as Mr. Eddy lays it down. 



39 

QUEENS COUNTY Continued. 

Inlinb. 



Towns. Inlinb. Villaijcs and othpr place<:. 

( Queens Cdurt-House ;* 16i} 

3 litinpsltad Harbour ; 
Success Pond ; 
U csthuri) ; 
HtnicK's ; 
Flaiidoine ; 
North-Hempstead f 2750 (b) •{ Head of Cow-Neck ; f | 

Great Neck ; 
Harbour Hill ; 
Sdiids's or Watcli Point ; 
Havilarid's (or Hewlet's) Point; 
Barker's Point ; 
Cow Bay. 
(2 .Vewtown ; 152 

A'e»'/oir)i Landing ; 
Dutch Kills ; 
Hallet's Cove ; 
Suuswick ; 
Riker's Island ; 
The Two Brothers (Islands ;') 
Fort Stevens. 

(b) Census ol' 1810— that of 1820 (whicli gives an increase of 2183 in the county) having b«n taken 
and returned en mati, and not by towns. 



Newtown 



2437 (i) 



Is bounded N. by 
Ocean, and W. by 
of tvliom 870 are 



Brooklyn 



Bushwick 

Flatbusb 

Flatlands 

Gravesend 
New-Utrecht 



Inhab. 



7175 i 



KfNGS COUNTY, {on Long-Island,) 
Ea-jt river, E. by Queens Co. and Jamaica Bay, S.by the 
York Bay and P2ast river ; and contains 11,187 inhabitants, 
slaves. 

Villages and other places. 

(I Brooklyn [incl ? ,i-. r> /-» x . 

withlclu.rchesJ(C-C-0-)t 14:^ 

Bedford ; 

United States' Navy Yard, ? 

at the Wallaboght ; ^ '^^ 

Bompus Hook ; 

Yellow Hook ; 

ll.d Hook ; 

Fort Sw ill ; 

Guanos' Bay ; 

Fort Greene ; 

^'ort Lawrence. 

/f ill ia rush u rgh ; 1 4 1 

liushirick; 

En:;li-h Fviils. 

t'lnthush ; * t 149 

New liotts ; 

Pros[i(ct Hill. 
3 Flatlands ; 151 

Canasy fjanding ; 

ll.irnn and other Islands. 
fa (irnvtscnd 154 

I Sehryt'p's Hook ; 
j31 ^ Gravesend Bay; 

Ciravj-seud Point ; 



950 



1027 



512 



( Conev, Plumb, and other Islands. 

ffi JVeii-rtrechl ; 151 

I Balb-ilouse; 

1009') Nyark Point; 

! P'orl Diamond, in the Narrows; 153 

I Fort Lewis. 



40 

WEST-CHESTER COUNTY 

Is fcpunded N. by Putnam Co. E. by Connecticut and Long--Islan(l Sound, S. by East River, and W. 
by ttaerlein and Huxison's rivers, the former separating it from llie city and Co. of New-York, and the 
lattr from New-Jersey and Rockland Co. and crmtains 32,638 inhabitants, of whom 205 are slaves. 

Kvers,(fC. — Croton, Bronx, Mamaroneck, Mahanus, Hutchins'^, and Saw-Mill rivers; and part of 
Huison's, Peekskill, Haerleni, and fJyram rivers; Long^, IJyram, an<l Rye ponds, he. 

Hands. — Captain's Island, anil the other smaller islands in the Sound between Throg's Neck and 
Comecticut, [Some hilly country.] 

' ■ ' Villages and other places. 

3 Bedford.* j 



Towns. 

Bedford 


Inliab. 

2432 


Courtlandt 


S421 


Eist-Chester 


1021 


Greenburgh t 


2054 


Hirrison 
Miraaroneck 


994 
878 


M»unt-Plea3ant t 


3684 


North-Castle t 
New-Castle 


1480 
1368 


New-Rochelle 


1135 


North- Salem 


1165 


Pflham 


283 


Poundridge 


1357 



Rye 



Scarsdale 
South-Salem t 
Somers 



West-Chester 

White-Plains 
Yonkers t 
Yorktown t 



1342 



329 

1423 
1841 



2162 \ 



675 
158G 
1992 



1 Peekskill [inc.] f 

3 Courtlandtown, at Croton ; f 
Collebergh ; 

Fort Fayette, at Verplanck's Point ; 
Teller's Point. 
East- Chester ; t 
Bronx, f 

2 Tarrijtoivn ; 
Tuckahoe. 
North Street. 

3 Mamaroneck.] 
2 Sing-Sing ; 

Sparta. 



f 3 J^ew-Rochelle ; f 

j New-Rochelle Landing ; 

j Rodman's Neck, or Island ; 

^^ Hewlett's, and Whortleberry Island ; 

JVorlh- Salem, f 
^ Hart, High, Hunter's, Appleby's, 
I and New-City Islands. 

(3 Saw-Pits, (at Byram River ;) f 

I ^.ve ; t 

■{ Parsonage Point ; 

i Captain's, and other Islands ; 

(^ King Street. 

Cross-River, f 
3 Somtrs. f 
f 2 West- Farms ; \ 
\ 3 Wesl-Chesier ; 

Morrissiana ; 

Throg's Neck ; 
j Manor of Fordham; 
i^ Hunt's Point. 

Whik-Plains. t 
C 3 Philipshurgh ; 
\ Old Fort Independence ; 
( Valentine's Hill. 

Pine's Bridge. 



125 
115 
121 



150 



140 
125 



122 



141 



ISS 



140 



1S5 



PUTNAM COUNTY 

l3 bounded N. by Dutchess Co.— E. by Connpctii-ut— S. by West-Chester Co.— and W. by Hudson's 
river, which separates it from Orange Co. — and contains 1 1 ,26S inhabitanti, of whom 49 are slaves. 

Bivers, (fc. — A part of Hudson's, Peekskill, and Croton rivers; Mahopack and Crura ponds, &c. 

Mountains. — Part of the Highlands. 

Villages and other places. 

1 Carmel. » t 108 



Towns. 

Carmel 

Kent 

Patterson 



Philipstown f 



Inhab. 
2247 
1801 
1578 



3733 



2 Patterson, f 
(-3 Cold Spring Landing ; 
I 3 Pleasant Valley ; 
■{ Danford Cove; 

Old Fort Constitution ; 
1 Anthony's Nose. 



106 
102 
106 



l-i hnuoded N 

imra Uutclu-i. 

Delaware river ("liii'li seiHirnle 
<ni(j, of wlioiu l.U^J nre slave 

Ri 
part 
and 



41 

ORANGE COUNTY 

and N. \V. by Sullivan Co. N. by L'Utcr (,'o. E. by Huilson's rtv^r uhicli separates it 

unit I'utnani Go's. S. E. by UucklunU Co. K. auii .S. W. by New-Jersey, ajid W. by 

it Irum Pennsylvania) and by Sullivan Cu. und contains 4l,2i;i inhabit- 



OHlM, ol wlioiii l.i.'o are slaves. 

Rivert, Cricl-i, fondi, iic. — Part of iludMin's, Wallkill, Nevesink, Mon^aup, and Ramapough rivers ; 
part of Shauanfrunk kiJI .inil Warwick ereek ; Chanibei-s's and Moonleiiars creeks; Utter, Rut^er's, 
and Poplopen's kill, i.<'. Tlioni|)son's, Wickhani's, Uuxedo, Cedar, and Sterlinff Ponds; also, part ot" 
Lon? Pond, the Drowned Lands, Itc. 

Jifountaiiu. — Part of tiic tli^lilands and Shawan^nk mountains', the Scunocmank mountains. 
Towuv. Inbab. Villages ami olLer places. 



Blooming-Grovc 2219 -j 



Cornwall 



Ueerpark 



Goshcii 



Miiusiiik i 



Montgomery 



Monroe f 



NewburRh 



New-Windsor 



Warwick 



Walikill 



1340 



rlOsJO -5 



\l 



Villages anil olLer plac 
( Oxford ; 
I 3 Salisbury [Mills;] t 

ff'ashinirtonmlle, at ? . 
Blooming Grove; $ 

Craigsville ; 

Gray Court. 

Cornwall Landing; 

Canterbury ;t 

Btthltliem ; 

Fort Putnam ; > ^\r i. t> • * < 
r . r'l- ♦ w W(atPGint;1 

Fort Clinton ; at ^ ' 

Fort .Montgomery ; 

Butter-milk FalJH ; 

Butter-Hill ; 

Paoli. 

Deerpark ; t 

Peenpack. 

Goshen [inc.] * t 

, - Chester ;j 

•'^•*'" <{ Sugar-Loaf; 

I Dolsentown ,* 

I, Hamptenburgh. 

r 3 IVest-town ; \ 

i Smith'' s Village; 

Brookfield ; 

Otisviile ; t 

Carpenter's Point ; 1 

Bridgeburgh ; t 

Grecneville ; f 

Montgomery [inc.] > 

at Wardsbridge ; ^ 

Coldenliam ; t 

Searsburgh ; 

Tlie Clove ; 

\ Monroe Works ; t 

\ Orange Nail Factory : 

( Augusta Works. 

C 1 jVewburgh [inc.] ? j* ^ 

1 «illi4churchesj^ 

J Middlctown ; 

j Hampton ; 

1^ Gardnertown. 

i a JVew Windsor ; 

i Little Bytain. 

r 3 ffiirmcli ; t 

I 3 Florida ; t 

Jlmity ; \ 

Bellevale ; 

Sterling Iron Work?, 

Merritt's hlaiid. 

3 Scotchtown ; 

Philipsburgh ; < 

Middletnwn ; t 

Motmt Hopt. ; 



:1053 



r;54l 



2969 



&812 



i325 



1500 



4887 



f 



112 
106 

108 



9j( 

10 j 
112 



100 
122 

95 

118 

93 
88 

97 

118 
114 

10.8 



42 

DUTCHESS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Columbia Co. and Massachusetts, E. by Conneclicut, S. by Putnam Co. 
and W. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Orange and Ulster Counties ; and con- 
lains 46,615 inhahitmits, of" whom 772 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, Ponds, ^c. — Part of Hudson's river ; part of Roeliff Jansen's kill ; Wap- 
pinger's. Oblong, Wassaick, Sprout, Crum Elbow, and Ten Mile Creeks ; Saw kill, Londst- 
tnan's kill ; Slissing' and VVhaley's ponds, k.c. 

Mountains i^e.— Fishkill and West Mountains ; Break Neck Hill in the Highlands, he. 



Towns. 



Amenia f 



Beekman 

Clinton 
Dover! 



Inhab. 



S144 



4257 



6611 
?M9S 



Fishkill 



8208 



Freedom (a) 

Hyde-Park (b) 
Milan t 
Northeast f 
Pawlingsf 

Poughkeepsie 

Pleasant- Valley (b) 
Rhinebeck 

Red-Hook 
Stanford 
Washington f 



1797 



£037 



1804 



5726 



2729 



2714 



2518 



2882 



Villages and other places. 

Oblong; t 

North Amenia ; t 

Amenia Union Society.! 

Beekmanville ; t 

The Clove ; 

Apoquague. 

Pleasant Plain. 

Dovor Plains. 
f2 Fishkill;^ 
3 Fish/fill Landins; ; ! 

De JVinVs Landing : 

Fishkill Upper Landing ; 

Carthage, at Low Point: 

JVetv Hackensack ; 

Hopewell ; 

MaUeawan ; 

Middlebush : 

Gayhead ; 

Snarlingtown ; 

Fishkill Hook ; 

Johnsville ; 

Oswego ; 

Verbank. 
2 Hyde-Park ;\ 

Staatsburgk ; f 

De Cantillon's Landing. 



C 3 Pine-Plains ; 

< West Northeast ; f 

f Spencer's Corner, f 

Quaker Hill, f 
( 1 Poughkeepsie, [inc.] 
'. with 5 churches. 

I 3 JVew- Hamburgh — at ) , 
' Wappinger's Creek ; ^ ' 

j Speckenkill ; 
^ Barnegat. 

2 Pleasant- Valley [inc.] f 
( 2 Rhinebeck Flats ; f 
Rhinebeck Landing ; 



h 



j Lewis's Landing ; 

[ Wirtembergh. 

f Red-Hook ; t 

I 3 Upper Red-Hook ; f 

J Upper Red- Hook- Landing ; \ 

y Lower Red-Hook-Landing. 

f Bengal ; 

< Attlebury ; f 

( Cold Spring. 

(3 Mechanick ;f 

I S Hartsville ; t 

I Lithgow ; 

1. Washington Hollow. \ 



60 



86 



66 
94 
92 
93 



90 



81- 



73 

68 



60 



97 
81 



87 



80 
63 



t.0 



72 



80 



fa) and (b) The population of Freedom is included in that of Fishkill and BeekmaDi and 
the population of Hyde-Park and Pleasant- Valley in thai of Clinton. 



ULSTER COUNTV 

I:, lioumlcd N. W. by Kolawaic Co.— N. t>v (ircciic Co.— E. hy Hudson's river, wlncJi .><-p.iiateS i( lium 
Columbia an<l Dutcliest Couiiiies— S. by Orniig«- Cnuiity— and' W. by Sullivan Co.— and contains 30,93 ] 
inKakitanli, u( whom 1528 are sln%-«s. 

Rivtrs, Ciechs. Arr— Pari of Huilson's nnd VVnIlkill rivers ; Esonus Crock , Big and LitUe Sbdiidakin 
rivers; Itondout kill (or river) ; Saph kill, rinllc-kill. Uoodlwer's kill, tc. Sben'b lajie. 4lc. 

A/aitii(<tini.— Tun or (hi; Sliauan^iiuk and I'aitskill (or Ulue) Mountains. 



Towns. 

Esopus 
Hurley- 
Kingston 
Marl!)orough 

.^larftlctoivn 

New-Paltz 

Plattttkill 
Rochester f 

Shandakan f 
Saugerties 

Sbawangiink 
Woodstock f 
Warwarsinj: 



Inhnb. 



1013 



1352 



20r(6 



2248 



'-non 



4011 



:;:iS9 



206ii 



1043 



2699 



3372 



1312 



IBll 



Villapi": and olbi-r placa^. 
( 3 KsDpvS ; I 

< Riist-ndaie ; 
( P.lliam. 

/• i Hurley ; f 
N Bloomcndale ; 
S Young Hopewell ; 
( licaverkill ; Suartkili. 
/ 1 Kingston [inc.] * f 
7 Kingston Landing : 
S Columbus : 
C Wajrhkuuk. 
C Martborough : 
} Milton ; 
f Latintown. 
r Mftrbletoivn ; f 
1 Stoney Ridge : 
\ Gii'enkiils ; 
' Tangore ; Shokan. 
C 3 Springtown ; 
I Old-Pultz ; f 
I 3 JVcw-Pallz ; \ 
j 3 JVeiv-Pallz Landing ; \ 

Poppletown : 
(^ Lewishurgli. 

Pleasant- Valley. 
( J^cu-ioivn ; 

< Pinebush ; | 
( Mombackus. 

\ Big Shandakan ; 
( Little Shandakan. 
C 2 Saugerties ; \ 
I 3 Glasgow ; 
{ Bristol ; 

I Caatsbaen, at West-Camp 
(^ Fiatbush. 
( 3 J\'tw Hurley ; \ 

< Bruynswick ; f 
( Centreville. f 

^ Yankeytoun ; 

I Bristol Glass Works. 

C 3 ff'aru'arsing ; 1 

< Leurenkill ; 
i Napenagh. 



C9 



.67 



65 
66 



72 
74 
71 
69 



85 



84 



52 
50 
47 



89 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 

Is bounded W. nnd .N. W. l>v Monltfonierv Co.— N. and K. K. hy Saratofja Co. and Mohawk river— S. 
amis. E. by Albany Co.— and \V. by Sriioliaric Co.- and contains 13,081 inhabitants, of whom 102 are 

Riv<ri,Cretks, t(c.— Vnrt of Molinwk river, of Schoharie creek, of Norman's kill, of Aclplnats kill 
and some smaller creek.';. 

Villages and other places. 

Scotia. 1 6 

Prospect Hill ; 22 

Lake Maria. 

JSJ'iskayiina 

Prinre.toum. 

Moliauk Flats 



Town». 


Inhab. 


Glenville 


2514 


Duanesburgh t 


1510 


Niskayuna 


510 


Princetown 


1073 


Rotterdam 


1529 


SCHENECTADY 

[City] * t 


\ 3939 



1: 



17 



Containing two wards, Union } 
College, and 5 churches. S 



44 

DELAWARE COUNTY 

Ts bounded N- by the Susquehannah and Charlotte rivers, which separate it from Otsego Co.— N. t. 
Kiv Schoharie Co.— E. by Greene Co.— S. E. and S. by Ulster and Sullivan counties— S. and S. W. bj- 
Delaware river which separates it from Pennsylvania, and W. by Broome and Chenango counties; 
and contains 26,587 inhabitants, of whom 56 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, (fC.—Part of the Delaware, Susquehannah, and Charlotte rivers ■, part of Beaver 
Creek; the CooUquago and Papachton branches of the Delaware; Little Delav;are river; Oleout 
<Creek, kc [Considerable mountainous country.] 



Towns. Inhab. 

Andes f 1S78 

Bovina t 1267 

Colchester f 1064 

Davenport 1S84 

Delhi 2285 

Franklin 2481 

Harpersfield 1884 

Hancock t 525 

Kortwright 2543 

lyieredith t 1375 

Jkliddletown t 1949 

Mason ville f 719 

Boxbury t 3488 

Stamford t 1495 

Sidney! 1107 

Tompkins 1206 

Walton 1432 

(o) Waterville lies partly in Harpersfield and Kortwright. 



Villages and other places. 
Trempersville. 
Fishlake. f 
Papakunk. 

1 Delhi [inc.] * t 
3 Franklin, t 
3 Harpersfield ; \ 

South-Harpersfield. t 

Kortwright ; ] 
Bloomville. t 

Pakatakan ; 
Hardenbergh's Mills ; i 
New Kingston ; 
Dry Brook. 

Beaverdam. | 

2 fVaterville ; (a) \ 

3 Roseville ; | 
Head of Delaware 
Sidney Plains, f 

3 Deposit, at the Cookhouse ; f 

Cannoiisville. 
2 Walton. \ 



91 

70 

78 
56 



62 
73 



60 



104 
110 



85 



SULLIVAN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W.— N.— and N. E. by Delaware and Ulster Counties— E. by Ulster and Orange Coun- 
ties ; S. by Orange Co. and Delaware river ; and W. by Delaware river, which separates it from Penn- 
sylvania i and contains 8,900 inhabitants, of whom 69 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ifc. — Part of Delaware and Nevesink rivers ; Mongaup river ; the principal branches 
of Beaver creek ; Ten Mile river ; Kalikoon creek ; and other smaller streams. 

Mountains, ifC. — Part of the Shawangunk mountains, and much hilly countiy. 



Towns. 

Bethel t 
Liberty 
Lumberland 

Mamakating t 

Nevesink 
Rockland 

Thompson 



Inhab. 

1096 
851 

569 

2702 

1380 
40G 

J8n7 



Villages and other place.s. 

3 Cochecton ; \ 
White Lake. ] 
Liberty. 

JVarrowsburgh ; 
Ten Mile River. 

2 Bloomimrhurgh : ^ 

3 Burlingham ; 
3 Home ; 



1 Monticello ; * 
3 Thompson ; 

Bi-idgevillc ; 

Forrpstburgix 



135 
123 

140 

100 

96 

100 



115 



120 



ib 



Towns. Itihab. 

ALBANY [city]* t 12,630 



ALBANY COUNTY 

Is bounded N W. by Sclicncctady Co. N. Iiy Moliawk river, whicb separaii^ ii trom Sara- 
toga Co. E. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Raiisselaer Co. S. by (ireen Co. 
and VV. by Schoharie Co. and contains 38,1 Ui irihaliilauts, ol' whom 41.'? are slaves. 

Rii'ers, Crcfk.i. S,-r. — Part of Hudson's, Mohawk, and Callskill rivers; Norman's kil], 
Coeyman's kill, Vlanian's kill, Boza kill, and pari of Hacnecray kill ; Bcthleheni and Black 
creeps, part ol' Fo.\ ereek, &:.c. kx. 

MoiiiUaiits, ^tr. — Tlic Hellcbcrgh mountains. 

Villages and other places. 
Fire w.irds, and \Z places ) 
of ptiliiick wuisliip. ^ 

Aeii' Scotland : 8 

Bethlehem ;f H 

Salem ; 

Chenv-Hill: 1 

White"- Hall; ^ 

;j Union Villae;c ; 31 

Bcnvtr-Dam ; 
New Johnstown. 
S Coeijinans Landing: 14 

Coejfmans Square. 

Hamilton. 8 

(a) Taken from Bern since the Census. 
S Rensseluervillc.j 2.'» 

(2. Gibbon^ville ; G 



Bethlehem 



Bern f 

Cocymans f 

Giiilderlandt f 
Knox (a) 
Rensselaerville 



Watervliet 



Westerlo 



ill4 <! 



2872 
2270 

34S5 



2806 



3458 



I frashiugtoii ; 
The Bo^ht ; 
Part o{ .Vislinyuna ; 
Cohoes Falls ; 
Green Island ; 
Van Schaick's Island. 



C 
11 
8 
6 
8 



GREENE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Schoharie Co. N. by Albany Co. E. by Hu||ons river which separates 
it from Columbia Co. S. by Ulster Co. and W. by Delaware CoflRid contains 22,996 inhabi- 
tants, of whom l;Vt are slaves. 

Rivers, ifc. — Cattskill river, Kaater's kill, part of Schoharie and Hudson's rivers, &c. 

.Mmiiiiains. — Most of the Cattskill or Blue mountains ore in this county. 



Towns. 
Athens 



Cattskill 



Inhab. 
2050 



3r>10 



Coxsackie 


2253 


Cairo 


2353 


Dm ham 


2980 


Greenevillc 


2371 


Hunter 


1025 


Lexington 


17'J!! 


New-Baltimore 


-:03G 


^Vindham 


^:r;.ifi 



Villaws and other places. 

2 JJthens [inc.] f 

f 1 Cattshitl [inc.] *t 
j 3 Madison ; 
S Ji'D'ersun ; 
Kiskidom ; 
[ K.ist Kaater's kill Faily. 
^ 3 Coxsackie ; \ 
^ Coxsackie Landings : 

3 Cairo. \ 

3 Durham : t 
(hk Hill ,• t 
South- Durham, f 
3 Grecnerille ; f 
Freehold, f 
Hunter ; f 

West Kaater's kill Fails. 
S Ijexini^ton ; t 
( Le ririfrton- Heights. ^ 
^ 3 jYcii'lhdtimorc ; ^ 
I Stanton Hill. 
;i IVindham. ' 



31 

3K 



37 
25 
23 
37 
S3 

SG 

sr. 

45 
43 



.'IK 



46 

COLUMBIA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Rensselaer Co. E by Massachusetts and Dutchess Co. S. by Dutchess Co. 
and VV. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Ulster and Greene counties ; and contains 
38,330 inhabitants, of whom 761 are slaves. 

Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, i^c. — Part of Hudson's river, Green river, Kinderhook creek, Klein's 
kill, Abram's creek. Stone creek, Roelift'Jansen's kill. Dove kill, Taghconick creek, fac. Cook- 
pake, Fish, Charlotte, and Whiting's Lakes. 

[Part of Taghconick mountain, and considerable hilly country.] 



Towns. 
Ancram 


Inhab. 
■ 3076 


Austerlitz 


2355 


Claverack 


2813 


Canaan 


2079 



Chatham f 

Clermont 

Germantown 
Ghent 

Hudson 

Hillsdale f 

Kinderhook 
Livingston f 

New-Lebanon 
Taghconick 



3378 

1164 

891 

2379 

4060 
2011 

3913 
1938 

2827 
3600 



Villages and other places. 

Ancram [Iron works.] 

Jlusterlitz ; f 
3 Green River ; 

Spencertoivn. f 
3 Claverack ; 

Churchtown. 

Canaan, f 

Chatham 4 Corners ; t 

Federal Stores , 

Masher's Mills ; 

New Britain. 

Clermont ; f 

Clermont-House. 

East-Camp. 

Ghent, f 

1 HUDSON [city,] two wards, 

6 churches, and 2900 inhab. 
Nobletown. 

2 Kinderhook ; f 
Kinderhook Landing ; \ 
Columbiaville (a) 

3 Johnstown ; f 
Oak-Hill. 

3 JVeiv-Lehanon ; f 

Mew-Lebanon Springs ; 
Two Shaker Villages ; 
Moffit's Store, P. O. f 
Taghconick Flatts ; 
Unity Mills ; 
Linlitharow. 



20 
28 
27 
32 
36 

2r» 

22 
18 
20 

25 

48 
50 

30 

S8 
20 

22 

40 
37 

28 
29 



48 



(a) Part of this village is within the limits of Hudson. 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Montgomery Co. E. by Schenectady and Albany counties, S. E. by Greene 
Co. S. and S. W. by Delaware Co. and W. by Otsego Co. and contains 23,154 inhabitants, of 
whom 302 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, S,-c. — Part of Schoharie creek, Cobels kill, Fox creek, and other streams : 
together with the little lake Utsayanthey, and the head-water of the Cookquago Branch of 
Delaware river. 
Mountains, ^-c. — Part of the Caltskill mountains. 

Villages and other places. 
JVorth Blenheim — ) , .„ 

late Bieakabeen. ) 
3 Livingstonville ; f 36 

Gilboa. t 41 

Lawyersvillc. f 



Towns. 


Jnhab. 


Blenheim t 


1826 


Broome 


2680 


Cobelskill t 
Carlisle t 
Jefferson 


2440 
1583 
1573 


Middleburgli 


3782 


Schoharie 


3820 


Sharon 
Summit 


3982 
1468 



Strasburgh. 
3 Middlebnrgh Bridge ; f 
West Midtlleburgh. f 

1 Schoharie [C. H.] * f 

2 Esperance [inc.] at ) , 

Schoharie Bridge ; J ' 

3 Sloansville. f 
Beekmanville. 



40 

88 
44 
34 

26 

30 



47 

UKNSSELAEU COUNTS 
Is bounded N. by Waslungfon Co. — K. by Vt-nuont ;ind Massachusetts. — S. by 
Cuiumbia Co. and W. by Hudson's river, ^vliich separates it from Albany and 
Saratoga counties; and contains 10,1 J.> inhabitants, of wliom 4.'3J are slaves. 

Rivers. Creeks, Sfc. — Part of Hudson's river, and part of Hosick river ; Poes- 
ten-kill, Wynans-kill, Little Hook creek, (iuacken-kill, Tomhanitk creek, 
Sankanissick creek, Moordcnaars-kiii, TackeuasMck-kill, Tierken-kill, kc. 
Sand-lake, Sic. Sec. 

Mountains, Sfc. — Petersburgh and Hosick mountains. 



To\»n«. 

Berlin 
Brunswick 


Iniial). 
1986 

2318 


Greenbush 


2764 


Grafton 


1611 


Hosick t 


3372 


Lansingburgii 


203D 


Nassau 


2873 


Petersburgh t 


2248 


Pittstown 


3372 


Stephentowii j 


2093 


Sand Lake 


3302 


Schodack 


3493 


Schaghticoke \ 


2522 


TROY [city] * \ 


5264 



3 Berlin. \ 



Villages and other placts. 



3 Greenbush [inc.] f 
I Bath ; 

U. S. Cantonment. 

3 Hosick Fulls ; 
Hosick 4 Corners : 
Mapietown. 

2 Lansinp:;bHrgh [inc.] ) , 

with 4 ciiurches. ^ ^ 

3 .Yassnu ; f 
Brainerd's Bridge, f 
Rcnsse!aer''s Milts. 
Piltstown ; f 
Toinkanick. | 

S iSanrf Lake ; f 
3 Rensselaer ; 

Poestenkilt. 

Schodack Landing ; \ 

Castlcton. t 
3 Schaghticoke Point ; 

Spiegel-Totvn. 

Four Wards — and 6 churches ; 

Mount Ida Falls ; 

Wynans-kill. 



15 

11 

1 

1 

o 

17 

30 
29 
33 



11 



21 

la 

CIO 

10 
12 

9 

8 

20 

II 

6 

7 



CLINTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lower Canada — E. by Lake Champlain, which separates 
it from Vermont — S. by Essex Co. and W. by Franklin county ; and contains 
12,070 {n/ia/n7un<.'*, of whom 2 are slaves. 

Rivers, Hfc. — Big and Little Chazy rivers, Little Sable river, Saranac river, 
part of Great Sable river, &.c. 

Lakes, Bays, ifr. — Part of Lake Champlain, Chateaugay lake, the pond at 
Chazy head, Cumberland Bay in Lake Champlain, k.c. 



Towns. 

Beekmantown 
Champlain 

Chazy 
Mooers 

Plattsburgh 



Peru \ 



Inhah. 
1.310 



It! If; 



2313 
567 



3519 



2710 



Villages ami otbcr places. 



2 Champlain ; ♦ 
Point au Fer ; 
Rouse's Point. 

ville. 



^ 3 Chazy ; 
I Duervilli 



f I Platlshurph [inc.]«t 
J Salmon River ; 

Cumberland Head; 

Crab Island. 

Union Village ; 

Hack.ilaff's Mills : 

i'eru Landing; 

Valconr Island. 



193 

196 

186 
180 
190 
170 
166 



162 
16S 



WASHINGTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Lake Georgo, which separates it from Warren Co. — 
N. by Essex Co. and by Poultney river, which separates it from Vermont — 
E. by Lake Champlain and Vermont — S. by Rensselaer Co. — W. by Hud- 
son's river (wliich separates it from Saratoga Co.) and by Warren Co. and 
contains 38,831 inhabitants^ of whom 150 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ^c. — Part of Hudson's, Poultney, Pawlet and Hosick rivers ; 
Batten-kill river ; [North] Wood creek ; Moses, East, White, and Black 
creeks, part of Half Way brook, &,c. 

Lakes, ^'c. — Part of Lakes George and Champlain, Big Pond, South 
Bay, &.C. 

Villages and other places. 

3 Jlrsryle ; j 45 

Fori Miller. ] 43 

Cambridge ; f 35 

Buskirk'a Bridge, f 

Part of Union Village. 33 

3 Forl-Ann [inc.] \ 60 

Fort-Edward.\ 52 

2 Union Village [inc.] 34 
Franklinton. 35 
Granville ; \ 60 

3 Fairvale, or North-Gran ville. | 61 
South- Granville. 55 

70 



Argyle 

Cambridge 

Easton t 

Fort-Ann 

Fort-Edward 

Greenwich j 



Granville 



Hampton 

Hartford \ 

Hebron \ 
Jackson t 

Kingsbury t 

Putnam 

Salem 

Whitehall 

White-Creek 



Inhab. 
2811 

2491 

3051 
2911 
1613 

3197 

3727 



963 

2493 

2754 
2004 

2203 

892 
2985 
2341 

2377 



East Hartford ; 
West Hartford. 
West Hebron, t 

2 Sandy- Hill [mt.} * 
Kinssbury. 
Hutton's Bush. 

1 Salem [inc.] * \ 

2 Whilehall [inc.] [ 
LAltte White-creek ; 
Walloomscoick. 



54 
52 



76 
46 
70 

36 



WARREN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Essex Co.— E. by Lake George and Washington Co.— S. 
by Hudson's river and Saratoga Co." and W. by Hamilton Co. and contains 
9,453 inhabitants, of whom 7 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ^-c— Part of Hudson's river, part of the North branch of the 
same, part of Schroon river, part of East Stoney creek, part of Half Way 
brook, he. 

Lakes,$fc.— Part of Lake George, part of Schroon lake ; Brandt lake, Friends 
lake, Loon lake, French pond, &.c. 

Mountains, Sfc— Crane's mountain, Canada and Oak mountains. North 
West Bay and Tongue mountains, the mountains around Lake George, and 
much other mountainous country. 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 




Athol 


570 




67 


Bolton t 


1087 


Narrows of Lake George. 


70 






C 1 Caldwell ; * t 


62 


Caldwell 


723 


< Fort George, and ; 
( Fort Wm. Henry. \ 










Chester \ 


1013 


X 3 Chester. 

I Natural Stone Bridge. 


83 
90 


Hague t 


514 




88 


Johnsburgh 


727 


« 


85 


Luzerne t 


1430 




55 


Queensbury 
WarrensburgU 


2433 
906 


2 Glett's Falls. \ 


63 

93 



49 

SARATOGA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Warren and Wasliinj^lon Cnunties, N. and K. by Hudson's 
river, wbich scparatfs it from Washington Co. S. by Moha^^k rivrr, (which 
separates it from Albany and a part of Srhcm-clad} Co.) and also by the north 
line of Si;hen«'(tady Co. and \V. by .Mi»nl;;..niery and Hamilton 'Co's. and 
contains 8(5,054 inhabitdiits, of whom lirf art- slaves. 

Hirers, Creeks, S,-c. — Part of Hudson's, Moliawk, and Sacondaga rivers ; 
Kayaderassoras, Fish, and Glowe-;fe rrei-ks ; part of Chuctenunda creek ; 
Snock kill, Anthony's kill, Dwais kill, MMiirn kill, part of Aelplaats kill, Sic. 

Lakes, &fc. — Saratoj^a, Lonjjc, and Round Lakes: Owl Pond, &c. 

Mountains, &)-c. — Tiie Kayaderassoras mountains, and other /a7/iy country in 
the northern parts of the county. 

Town.1. Inbuh. Villages aud otUrr place?. 

C 3 Ballston ; t 2.S 

Ballston £047 < Ballston Hill (old C. H.) 

t Burnt Hills. 



Concord f 
Charlton 
Corinth 
Edinburgh f 
Greenfield I 
Gal way 
Hadley 



Halfmoon 

Malta t 

Milton 

Moreau t 
Northumberland f 
Providence f 

Stillwater 



Saratoga t 
Saratoga Springs 
Waterford 
Wilton 



571 
1953 
1490 
14G9 
3024 
£579 

798 



40£4 

1513 

£779 

1519 
1279 
1515 

£8£1 



2233 
1909 
1184 
1295 



3 Charlton, f 



Galivay. f 

Hadlty, at Jessup's Landing, -f 

The Borough ; 

Middletnwn ; f 

llidersville ; f 

Newtown ; 

Clifton Park. 

Dunning-Street. t 

< 2 Ballston Spa [inc.] * f 
I 3 Milton. 

Baker's Falls. 
Palmertown. f 

f 3 Stillwater [inc.] t 
I 3 Mechanicksville ; 7 

< Rogers's Mills ; f 
Ketchum's Corners ; 4 
Bemns's Heights. 
Schuylersvillr. f 

2 Saratoga Springs, y 
1 Waterford [inc.] \ 



£4 

55 
37 
3S 
5C 
17 
1.S 



14 
25 
26 
29 
51 
44 
34 
22 
l!i 



8^ 
9 



FRANKLLN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Canada, (and reaching Si. Lawrence river on its N. W. corner,) E. by 
Clinton Co. S. and E. I>y fcs.sex Co. S. I>y Essex and Hamilton Counties, and W. by St. 
Lawrence Co. and contains 4,4^W inluiMtanln, but no slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, H,^. — Salmon river, Little .Salmon river, East branch of St. Re^is river, 
part of St. Repis (main) river, and the head waters of Rackeit river, Trout rivtr. Chateau- 
gay river ; with S;iranac lake, part o( Tapper's lake, and several other small lakes and pond.?. 
[Much mounUiiiiims coun\ry in the south part ot the county.] 



T.iwns. 


Inliab. 


Villages and olticr place - 




Bangor [ 


370 




una 


Chateaugay 


828 


< 2 Chatmugay ; f 

\\ Chateaugay 4 Corner?. 


£10 


Constable f 


637 




221 


Dickinson 


495 


Moira. j 


225 






( 2 French Mills ; f 


235 


Fort Covington 


979 


< 3 Furl Covington ; f 


2S4 






( Part of St. Regis Village. 


240 


Malonc 


1130 


1 Malone. * f 

7 


220 



50 



ESSEX COUNTY 

Is bouiuled N. bv Franklin and Clinton Counties, E. by Lake Champlain, which separates it 
from Vermont, ^. by Warren Co. and W. by Hamilton and Franklin Counties ; and contains 
12,811 inhabitants, of whom 3 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ^r.— Part ot Great Sable river and its branches, Schroon river, part of 
Hudson North Branch, Boquet river, Gilliland's Creek, the Outlet of Lake George, he. 

Lakes, Bails, ^c. — Part of Lake Champlain, a small part of Lake George, part of Schroon 
lake, Paradox lake. Auger, Raltles-nake, and Wonn Pond, k.c. Bay of Peru and North 
West Bay, both in Lake Champlain. [The pond or small lake at the Head of Hudson's river 
lies in the west part of Essex and in the corner of Franklin.] 

Mountains, i/-c. — Great part of the Peruvian mountains, so called ; the Giant of the Valley ; 
Whiteface Mountain ; and much hilly country. 



Tffvyns. 


lohab. 


Chesterfield f 


667 


Cpownpoint t 
Danville (a) 


1522 


Elizabethtown 


889 



Essex 



1225 



Jay 


1647 


Keene 1 


605 


Lewis f 
Minerva 


779 
271 


Moriah 


842 


Schroon f 


888 


Ticonderoga 


1493 


Westport 
Willsborough 


1095 
888 



. I 



Villages and other places. 

Adgate's Falls ; 

Schuyler's Island. 

FortCrownpoint. 

(a) Population included in Jay. 

Elizabethloivn (C. H ) ? ^ l 

at Pleasant-Valley ; \ 
Valley Forge. 
Essex ; t 
Brook field ; \ 
Split Rock, t 
Jny. t 

Elba Iron Works ; 
Great Plains ; 
The Flatts. 
Mount Discovery .^ 
Dominick. 
Moriah ; + 
Pendleton. 



f 3 Ticonderoga ; ] 
Fort Ticonderoga •, 
Mount Defiance ; 
Mount Hope. 
3 Westport. t 
3 Willsborough. t 



158 



123 



ISO 



139 

150 

142 



150 



115 
112 



130 
145 



BROOME COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Courtlandt Co. E. and N. by Chenango Co. E. by Delaware Co. and 
river ; S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Tioga Co. and contains 14,343 inhabitants, of whom 
25 are slaves. 

RixTtrs, Creeks, he. — Part of the Delaware, Susquehannah, Chenango, Tioughniogha and 
Otselick rivers : part of Owego creek : Nanticoke, Oghquago, and Chocoanut creeks. 
[Some mountainous country/] 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 




Berkshire f 


1502 


Westville. 


160 


Chenango 


2626 


^ Binghamton [inc.] — ? ^. , 
I at Chenango Point ; ^ 


148 


Colesville (a) 




{ 3 Colesville ; t 
I Harpersville. \ 


125 
121 


Lisle 


3053 


< 3 Ldsle ; t 

( Chenango Forks, i 


132 


Owego 


1741 


2 Owego. t 


170 


Sanford (a) 




Randolph. J 


127 






C Union ; t 


150 


Union 


2037 


< Nanticoke ; i 
( Chocoanut. 


154 


Windsor (a) \ 


3354 


3 Oghquago. t 


128 



(a) The population of Sanford and Colesville is included in that of Windsor. 



Towns. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Hamilton Co.— E. by Saratoga Co.— S. by Schenectady, bclioliane, and 
Olseeo Coiiuiies, and W. by Herkimer Co. and contains 37,669 inhaiUan/s, of whom 349 
are slaves. 

Rivtrs, Cr,-flcs, 4-c-.— Pari of Mohawk river, part ofSacondnpa river, part of Schoharie river 
or creek, part of East Caiia<la creek, (iaroya cietk, Stom \ creek, Otsquago creek, Chuc- 
teiiunda creek, \V« si Sloiiev creek, Caiiiijoliaric creek, iNowinlaga creek, &ic. 

Lides, Ponds, ^r— Lakes or ponds at the liead waters of East Canada and Garoga 
creeks, and oilier poml* in the north west part of ilie comity. 

[Some pari of the country is mountainous, near the Mohawk, and in the north west part of 
the county.] 

Villages and other places. 

I 3 ^'hnstenlnm ; f 

I Fort Juliiisori. 

Funda's Hush. 
3 VoorkciiivUle ; f 

Smilhstown ; 

Corrjstoun. f 
t5 Canajoharie ; f 

Bou'inan^s creek ; f 

Freifs Bush. 

Florida ; f 

Warren's Bush ; 

Fort Hunter — at ) 

Old Mohawk Town. $ 
1 Jolmstoivn [inc.] * f 
S Cauiihnaiiaga ; \ 



Amsterdam 
Broadalbin f 

Charleston f 
Canajoharie 

Florida 



Inliab. 
3171 

2428 

5365 
4677 

274. "> 



a? 
so 

38 
40 



50 



S5 



88 



Johnstown 

Mayfield 
Minden f 

Northampton 
Oppenhcim 
Palatine 
Stratford 



0527 



2025 



1954 



1291 



3045 



1930 ' 



407 



j Kiiig^liDrough 
j Tripe's Hill ; 

Albany Bush ; 
( The Nose. 
^ 2 Rmcsonsvilh [inc.] f 
) Mayfield. \ 
\ Fori Plain ; 
I Otseijuago. 
'3 JVorltiampton — at ), 
the Fish House ; \ ' 

Cranberry Creek ; \ 

Mount Joy ; 

Great Fly (or Vlaie.) 

St. Johnsville. \ 
(2, Palatine ;\ 
3 Stont Arabia ; 

Palatine -Bridge ; \ 

Fphrata ; 

Lassels^'ille. 1 



41 

S9 
45 
37 



42 
55 



H 



57 
54 
52 
50 
51 
48 
60 



HAMILTON COUNTT 

Is hounded N. by St. Lawrence and F"rankliii Counties — E. bv Essex, Warren an<l Saratoga 
Counties — S. by Montgomery and Herkimer Counties, and W by Herkimer Co. and contains 
1,251 m/w/>i/rt7(/.«, of wliom 2 are slaves — [in 1814, only SST) souls.] 

Rivers, IjoJces,^. — Head waters of Kacki-tl, Moom', Sacondaea, and .lessup's rivers; 
head waters of some branches of Hudson's river ; Fiseeka river, and many creeks. Long, 
Pisceka, Pleasant, Oxl)ow, and other lakes and ponds. 

[A great deal of high anci numntainous country] 
TownSt Inlial). Villages aiitl otbiT places. 

Hopt; (ioa 

Lake-Pleasant 312 1 Lake- Pleasant.] 66 

Wells 331 



{JTF JVnte. — This county was set off from Montgomery in 1816, but is not lobe ort;anized,or 
act separately, till it shall contain 12K8 taxable inhabiianls, qualified to vole for members of 
aseemoly— uiilii which time, it remains under the Jurisdiction ofMontgomcrv- 



52 



OTSEGO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oneida, Herkimer, and Montgomery Counties — E. by Schoharie Co. — 
S. E. and S. by Charlotte and Susquehannah rivers, which separate it from Delaware Co.— 
and W. by Unadilla river, which separates it from Chenango and Madison Counties ; and 
contains 44,856 inhabitants, of whom 16 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, iSic. — Part of Susquehannah, Unadilla, and Charlotte rivers ; and But- 
ternut, Otego, Shenevas, Cherry- Valley, Oaks, Fly, and Wharton creeks, he. 

LcJces.— Otsego Lake, and Caniaderago or Schuyler's Lake. 
[Considerable viountainons couijtry.] 



77 
90 

59 

59 

84 
70 

78 
61 

71 
64 
81 
64 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villag-es sknd other pi 


Burlington 
Butternuts 


St57 
ICOl 


S Burlington, f 
J 3 Butternuts ; f 
I Louisville. 


Cherry- Valley 
Decatur f 
Exeter f 


S634 

908 

1430 


2 Cherry- Valley [inc.] f 


Edmeston f 


1341 


Mount Edmeston. 


HartTvick 


2579 


5 3 Hartwick ; f 
I Peth. 


Laurens 


2074 


S Laurens, t 


Middlefield \ 


2570 


Clarksville. j 


Milford 

Maryland t 
New-Lisbon f 


2505 

1439 

2221 


J 3 Milford ; t 
I Milfordville. t 
Cromhorn Hills. 
Garratsville. f 
' 1 Cooperstown [inc.] * f 
3 Oaksville ; f 


Otsego 


4186 


! Sclmijler^s Lake ; 
' Hopeville ; f 
Pierstown ; 


Otego t 


1416 


I, Fly Creek. 


Plainfield \ 
Pittsfield f 
Richfield t 


1611 

8S0 

1772 


Loydsville. \ 


Springfield 
Unadilla 


2065 
2194 


Springfield, f 
< 3 Unadilla ; t 
I Hamburgh, t 


Worcester t 


1938 


Shenevas Flats. 


Westford t 


1526 





67 



76 
81 
72 
58 
100 

56 
57 



COURTLANDT COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Onondaga Co. — E. by Madison and Chenango Counties — 
S. by Broome Co. — and W. by Tompkins and Cayuga Co's. — and contains 
16,507 inhabitants, of whom 8 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ifc. — The Tioughniogha river, (or Great West branch of 
the Chenango) and its branches ; part of Otselick river ; part of Skaneateles 
lake, fctc. [Some hilly country.] 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 




Cincinnatus f 


885 




1S8 


Freetown 


663 






Harrison 


807 


S Harrison, t 


140 






C 1 Homer; f 


145 


Homer 


5054 


< 2 Courtlandt Village ; * t 


144 






( Port-Watson. 


148 


Preble f 


1257 




148 


Scott 


755 




153 


Solon t 


1262 




134 


Truxton 


2956 


S Truxton.] 


140 


Virgil f 


2411 




154 


Willet 


457 




137 



53 



lIEUKhMKR COUNTY 

Is bounded N. b_v St. Lawrence Co. — K. Iiy Hamilton and Monlgomery Counties — S. by 
OisegT> Co — and W. by Oiicida ami Lewis Counties ; and contains 31,017 'iiluibitantSf of 
whom "'2 are slaves. 

Hirers, Creeks, tie. — Pari of Muliawk river ; West ('anada creek and branches ; part of 
East Cniiaiia crock ; the bean \Mters of Bl;i<k, Ind-'peudeuce, Beaver, and Moose rivers; 
the l)ead wfiicis of one l-raiich ol OswHj^'atehie river, .md ol' I'uadilla river, &ic. 
[Sojiii.- ^noiaJaiiwus country noiili ol the \lohawk.] 



Town?. 

Culumhia | 
Danube t 

Fairfield 
Frankfort t 
Germanilnts 

Herkimer 

Litchfield t 

Manhcim f 

Newport 

Norway 
Russia t 

Salisbury \ 

Schuyler 
Warren f 
Winfield 



XdImI). 
2051 
3187 

2610 
1U60 
2665 

3055 

1729 

1777 

17 It; 

1612 

16«5 

1438 

1837 
2013 
1752 



Villngrs and other placeJ. 



< Van Home's Mills ; 

( Old Indian Caslie. 

5 ^2 rairfield ; f 

) Eatoii\<i Bush. 



SI 



Gerrnaiijlats — at ) 

Fort ilcrkimer. ^ T 
Htrklmer [inc.] * \ 
Little- Falls [xm:.] ] 
Shell's Bush. 
Norwich Society ; 
Sumner Society ; 
Lilclifield Springs. 

3 JVttvport ; \ 

Middlcville. \ 
3 JVorway. \ 

Yankt-y Bush. 
Pine Bush. 

LAtUe- Lakes. 
Winfield. 



74 
63 
68 
76 



77 

70 



88 
59 
88 
81 
92 
100 
78 
75 
86 
64 
82 



TIOGA COUxNTY 

Is bounded N. by Steuben and Tompkins Counties, K. by Broome County, S. 
by Pennsylvania, and W. by Steuben County, and contains 1(5,971 inhalt{ta7its, 
of whom 101 are slaves. 

Rivers, Vrct-ks, kc. — Part of Susquehannah and Tioga rivers ; Cayuta, But- 
ler's, Newtown, and Cattetant creeks; and part of Owego and other creeks. 
[Some mountaiiwus country.] 
liihali. Villaf,'ps and mlier place;!. 

1608 S^ ^pf^fiisvijlej] 176 



Towns. 

Caroline 



Cayuta 
Candor [ 
Chemung t 

Catherines 

Danby \ 
Elmira t 

Spencer 
Tioga 



18119 
1C55 
1327 

2478 

2001 
2945 

125 
1816 



Cantine's Settlement. 



( 3 Catherinestoitm ; f 
J Johnson's Settlement ; \ 
I .M:. I lory's Settlement; 
{ Dutch Settlement, t 



y 



JVewtnwn ; * f 
Big Flatts. t 
Spencer ; * f 
Spencer- Corners, f 
Smithborough. | 



185 



198 
208 



210 

190 
190 
180 



54 



ONEIDA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Osweffo and Lewis Counties — E. by Herkimer Co. — S. by Otsego and 
Madison Counties — S. W. and W. by Madison Co. and Lake Oneida, and W. by Oswego 
Co. and contains .W,997 ialiabitants, of wliom 9 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Oneida creek, and part of Mohawk and Black rivers; part 
of (great) Fish creek, with all its western branches ; Oriskany creek ; part of West Canada 
creek ; (VVest) Wood creek ; Nine Mile creek ; Cincinnati creek ; Saghdequada (Saghquate, 
or Saughquoit) creek; Skenandoa creek, &c. 

Lakes, fyc. — Part of Oneida Lake. 

[No mountains, and but little hilly country.] 



Augusta 

Boonville 

Bridgewater 

Camden t 

Deerfield 

Florence 

Floyd 

Lee 



Paris 

Remsen \ 
Rome 

Sangerfield 

Steuben 

Trenton 

Utica 
Vernon 

Verona 



Vienna f 
Westmoreland 



Whitestown 
Western t 



Inhab. 



2771 

1291 
1533 
1294 
2346 
640 
1498 
2186 



6707 

912 
3569 

2011 
1461 

2617 

2972 
2707 

2447 



1307 

2791 



5219 



Villages and other places. 

Augusta ; \ 

New-Stockbridge, > 
(Indian Settlement.) \ 
Boonville. ] 
Bridgewater. \ 
Taberg. \ 
Deerjield. 



fS Clinton — scat of } , 

Hamilton College. \ ' 
I Paris- Hill ; t 
J Hanover ; 
J Saughquoit ; j 

Paris Furnace ; t 
I Brothcrtown (Ind. Vil.) 
(, Manchester.} 

( 2 Rome — on the site ? r. -1*1. 

< of Fort Stanwix. ^^ '-' ' 
( Wrighfs Settlement. 

^ 3 Jf'aterville ; 

I Sangerfield (centre.) t 

Steuben, f 
S 3 Trenton — alias > r. -. , 
} Oldenvarneveldt. )^ '■' ' 
i 1 Utica — on the site of ^ 

< Fort Schuyler, (C. C. V [inc.] t 
( O.) with 4 churches. ) 

S3 Vernon ; ] 
Oneida Castleton (Ind. Vil.) > , 
and P. O. called " Oneida." 5 ' 
( Verona ; + 

Skenandoa ; f 
j Fort Royal— at ? 

Wood creek Landing ; ^ 
Fort Bull ; 
Fort Rickey, 

Hampton. ] 

2 Whitesborough [inc.] * \ 

3 JVetv- Hartford ; \ 
Middle Settlement ; 
Oriskany. \ 
Elmer's, j 



112 

114 

120 
85 

92 

104 
118 

102 

104 
106 

98 



117 
108 

96 
04 

108 

93 

110 

114 

112 
115 

121 



125 

107 

96 

96 

98 

102 

116 



JEFFERSON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by St. Lawrence river uiid ihc Thousand Islands, N. and N. E. by St. 
Lawrence Co. E. by Lewis Co. S. by Oneida Co. and W by Lake Ontario ; and contains 
32,952 inhabilatit.i, of wlioiii 5 are slaves. 

Rivtrs, Creeks, ^r — Pan ol Black, Indian, and Owegatchie rivers ; Cliauiiiont river ; 
Stonev Cnek, .North Big Sundy creek, Soulli Big Sandy creek. Perch creek, kc. 

Laif, Btii's, <^r. — I'artol Lake Ontario; several small lakes near Indian river ; Hungry 
Bay, Chauinont Bay, Black river Bay, Sackett's Harl>our, Henderson's Harbour, &ic. 

ii/uJii/i. — Part of'llic 1000 Islands, and those mentioned below. 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 




Adams 


2407 


3 Jidams. t 


160 




< 


^llexandria ; 


200 


Alexandria (a) 


, 


Grand, Wolf, and other Islands. 




Antwerp t 


1319 


Oxhow. t 


180 


Brownville 


3990 


3 Broicnville. \ 


175 


Champion 


2080 


Champion. \ 


160 


( 


Ellisburgh ; t 


150 


Ellisburgh 


3531 < 


Warilwell ; f 
) Ellisville. 





Hounsfield 



Henderson 

Le Ray 

Lorraine f 



Lyme 



342 



f 1 Sacketl^s Harbour [inc.] f 
29 -j Fort Tompkins and ) 
(^ Madison Barracks, j 

r 4 JVaples— at I ^ 

1919 •{ H»;nderson Harbour. S 

(^ Stoney and Galloop Islands. 
2944 4 Le Raysville. \ 
1112 

r Carlton Island ; f 

I 4 Cape Vincent, at ] 
-,,. ! Gravelly Point ; T 
*'"'*| Port Putnam; 



L 



Chaumont ; i 

Grenadier and Fox Islands. 



176 



180 

175 

200 
196 

185 



Orleans (a) 
Painelia t 


1342 WiUiamstoivn.i 


174 


Philadelphia (a) 


C Teresa, at the High Falls ; 
I Friends^ Settlement. 


184 
178 


Rodman 
Rutland t 
Walertown 
Wilna t 


1735 4 fVhitesville. 
1946 Tulemville. 
276»J 2 IVaterloivn, [inc.] * i 
G48 4 Carthaire.^ 


768 

ni 

158 


(a) These 3 towns 


were taken from Brownville, since the census of 1820. 





LEWIS COUNTY 

Is bounded N by St. Lawrence Cj>. E. by Herkimer Co. S. by Oneida Co. W by Oneida 
Co. and W. and N. W. bv JeflTerson Co. and contains 9,227 inhahilanls and no slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, iic. — Part of Black and Moose rivers; parts ol Independence and Beaver 
rivers ; the head waters ofCCireat) Fish creek, and of Indian river, Great Salmon creek, and 
Mohawk river; the head waters of one branch of Oswegateliie river ; Deer creek, Otter 
creek, &ic. with some small lakes or ponds. 



Town!.. 

Denmark t 
Harrishiirgh t 
Low\ ille 
Leyden t 
Mnrtinshurgh 
Pinckney t 

Turin 
Watson (a^ 



Inhab. 
1745 

520 
1943 
H;I2 
1 197 

507 



Villages and other placcb. 
Copenhagen. 



1 Loumlle. f 

2 Martinsburgh. 



t 



181 



■r 



Tririn ; + 

The Hi(,'h Falls; 

Coxevillc. 

(a) Take^ from Leyden in 1821, 



150 



145 



142 



135 



Lisbon 

Massena 

Madrid \ 
Morristown 

Oswegatchie 



ParisJivjIlfi 
Pierrepont f 
Potsdam 

Russel 



Rossie 



Stockholm f 



t 



56 

ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. and N. by St. Lawrence river, E. by Franklin Co. S. by Hamilton and Herkimer 
Go's, and S. W. by Herkimer, Lewis, and Jefferson counties ; and contains 16,037 inhabitaiUs, of whom 
8 are slaves. 

Rivers, Crcrks, ^c. — Part of St. Lawrence (or Iroqu'iis; river; Oswegatchie, Grass, Racket, and St. 
Reeis rivers; part of Indian ri"er; and sundr' sniaUer .streanis. 

Lakes, ffc. — Slack Lftke,Cranb.?rry Lake, pait of Tupper't lake, and several smaller lakes at the head 
of Osweg^atchie, Grass, and Racket rivers, and near In.Uyn river; Chippeway bay, &c. [Some moxm- 
tainous country.] 

~ - - VUia/^es ant! other places. 

Canton ; f 202 

'I'lu' Naturnl Canal. 
De Kalb— lute 
Williamstown 
Kilkenriey. f 
Gouverneur. \ 
Hopkinton. f 
Louisville — late 

Racketon, at the falls 
Lisbon ; j 
Indian village. 
Massena ; f 
Chesterfield, f 

2 ffnddington ; f 

3 Columbia, j 
Morristown. f 

1 Ogdensburgh [inc.] * f 

Fort Van Rensselaer ; 

Fordsville. 
3 Parishville. f 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Canton 


1337 


De Kalb 


709 


Fowler f 

Gouverneur 

Hopkinton 


605 
765 
581 


Louisville 


831 



:t 



930 

944 

1930 
827 

1661 



200 



192 
225 

235 

220 



250 

232 
227 
198 

212 



594 

235 

1911 

486 



869 { 



2 Potsdam, t 
^ 3 Russel ; f 
I De Witt, t 
f 3 Rossie [Iron Works ;] f 
Port Madras, on 



822 



I 



Chippeway Bay ; 
Part of the 1000 Islands. 



"■} 



220 
208 
227 
190 

194 

206 

230 



OSWEGO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Jefferson Co. E. by Lewis and Oneida Go's. S. by Oneida Lake and river, and Onon- 
daga and Cayuga Go's, and W. by Gayuga Co. and Lake Ontario; and contains 12,374 inhabitants, 
and no slaves. 

Rivers and Ci-eeks. — Oswego and Salmon rivers; part (if Oneida river, Salmon, Grindstone, Catfish, 
Little Sandy, Scriba, and other creeks ; (he head waters of the west branches of Fish creek, kc. 

Lakes, ffc. — Part of Ontario and Oneida lakes ; Fish lake; Sandy creek Bay, Four mile Bay, kc. 



Towns. 

Constantia f 

Granby \ 
Hannibal { 

Mexico t 

New Haven f 
Orwell t 
Oswego 
Redfield f 

Richland f 



Scriba t 

Volney 
Williamstown. 



Inhab. 

767 

555 
935 

1590 

899 
488 
992 
336 



741 



1C91 
652 



Villages and other places. 

3 Rotterdam ; f 
Fort Brewerton. 



Mexico Point ; 
Four Corners. ] 



1 Oswego. * j 



Y 



2 Pulaski ; * 
Sandy Creek, f 
East Oswego ; 
Fort Os vego; 
Old Fort Ontario. 
Ostoego Falls.^ 



140 
160 

177 

172 
180 
170 
180 

175 

180 



le.'i 



57 

CHENANGO COUNTY 

Is boundod N. by Madison Co. E. Uy Unadilla river, wliioJi separates it from 
Otsego Cci. and l>y Delaware Co. S. hy Broome Co. and W. by Broome and 
Courtlaiidt eounties ; and contains dl,:i5 inliabilants, of whom 7 are slaves. 

Rivers, ^c— Fart of the Chenango, SusqueiianiKdi, Unadilla, and Otselick 
rivers. [Some /u7/^ country.] 

Towns. Inhab. Villages and other places. 

( 3 Bainhridge ; t 11 j 

Bainbridge 2!a»0 < Bettsbnrgh ; f 124 

f South Bainbridge. * 



Columbus t 
. Coventry t 
German t 
Greene 

Guilford 

Lancaster 

Macdonough 

Norwich 

Otselick f 

Oxford 

Pharsalia f 
Plymouth f 
Preston 
Sherburne 
Smithville 
Smyrna t 



1805 
1432 
2675 
2590 

2175 

hI366 
739 

3257 
52G 

2317 

373 
1496 
1092 
2590 
1553 
1S90 



South German. * 
Greene. \ 
\ 3 Guilford ; t 

Mount Upton, t 
S Lancaster, late ? r. ^ 
New Berlin. J '-'"•^•J * 



S 2 JVorwich [inc.] * 
I North Norwich. 



Oxford [inc.] t 
Knappsburgh. * 



Frankville. 
3 Sherburne, f 



88 
122 
115 
ISO 
104 
lOG 

90 



100 



IIQ 

114 

107 
108 
9C 
118 
105 



STEUBEN COUNTY 
Is bounded N. by Ontario Co. E. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from 
Seneca and Tompkins counties, and by Tioga Co. — S. I)y Pennsylvania, and 
W. by Allegany Co. and contains 21,989 inhabitants, of whom 46 are slaves. 

Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, ^c. — Part of Tioga (or Chemung) river ; Conhocton 
and Cani3t»o rivers ; and Mud, Canoe, Tuscarora, Conicodeo, and other creeks ; 
part of Seneca Lake and Crooked T^ake ; Miid, Loon, and Little lakes, &,c. 
[Some mountainous country.] 



25:/ 
242 
260 
250 
S55 



Towns. 


Inhab. 




Villages. 


Addison 


651 






Bath 


2578 


I 


Bath [inc.] "^ l 


Canisteo 


r>91 


3 


Canisteo. t 


Conhocton 1 


1560 






Dansvillc 


1565 


3 


Dansville. t 


Howard 


1140 






Hornellsviile (a) 




2 


Jlrk Port, t 


Jersey 


912 




Jersey. 








Painted Post; \ 


Painted-Pobt 


20C8 


Campbelltown ; 
Lindsleytown : 1 






Erwintown. 


Prattsbnrgh 


1377 


3 


Praltsbur>j;h. \ 


Pulteney t 


11 Oil 






KoadinK 


.^009 


!' 


Read in e ; ! 


r> 




I 


Saliil)ria. 


Troupsburgh 


(;:>o 






Wayne 


3007 




Roscommon. I 


Wheeler 


798 







363 
284 



232 
320 
SS5 
267 

2118 



Cc) Population included in Canisteo, from which ihi.-J town wos erected. 

8 



on 



MADISON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oneida Lake, and N. E. by Oneida creek, both of which separate it from 
Oneida Co.— N. E. and N. also, by Oneida Co.— E. by Unadilla river, which separates it from 
Otsego Co.— S. by Chenango Co. and W. by Courtlandt and Onondaga Counties ; and con- 
tains 32,208 inhabitants, of whom 10 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, Uc.—1\ie head waters of Chenango river; part of Unadilla, Otselick, and 
Tioughniogha rivers ; Canasaraga, Cowasselon, and Chitteningo creeks ; part of Oneida 
creek, &c. 

iMkes, &ic. — Cazenovia Lake, and part of Oneida lake. 
[Some hilly country.] 



Towns. 

Brookfield 

Cazenovia 
De Ruyter t 
Eaton 

Georgetown \ 
Hamilton 
Lebanon t 
Lenox 
Madison 
Nelson ] 

Smithfield 
Sullivan 



Inbab. 

4240 

3909 
1214 
S121 

824 
2681 
1940 
3360 
2420 
2329 

3338 

2932 



Y 



Villages and other places> 

Brookfield ; | 
Beaver Cr^ek. f 
Cazenovia [inc.] ] 
New Woodstock, f 

2 Morrisville [inc.] * t 
Eaton. \ 



^ 2 Hamilton [inc.] \ 
\ Chenango-Forks, t 

Smith's Valley, t 
< 3 Lenox ; ] 
I Clockville. t 
3 Madison.] 
i Erieville ; t 
I Argos. 
\ 2 Peterborough ; \ 
I 3 Perrysville. f 

fS Canasaraga ; t 
3 Chittening ; 
JVew-Boston ; 
I Cowasselon. 



93 

130 

131 
117 

120 
123 
106 

114 
116 

120 

loa 

128 
125 
124 
121 

124 
127 
123 
118 



TOMPKINS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. I^y Seneca and Cayuga Couniies — E. by Courtlandt Co. — S. by Tioga Co. — 
and W. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from Steuben Co. and contains 20,681 in^^i<- 
arUs, of whom 6 are slaves. 

Lakes, Creeks, &.c,— Part of Cayuga and Seneca Lakes ; Fall, Six Mile, Cascadilla, and 
other creeks ; part of Salmon creek of Cayuga, &c. 



Towns. 
Dryden j 
EnBeld (a) 
Groton 
Hector \ 

Ithaca (a) 
Lansing 

Ulysses (a) t 



Inhab. 
3951 

2742 
4012 



36S1 



6545 



Villages and other places. 



Fall Creek, j 

Peachtown. 
1 1 Ithaca [inc.] * j" 
• Ithaca Falls. 
' 2 Ludlowville ; \ 

Goodwin's Point ; 

Salmon Creek Falls. 
2 Tremainsville ; \ 

Jacksonsville ; \ 

Port-Lawrence. 



170 

165 
195 
180 

182 



188 
185 



(a) Population of Enfield and Ithaca included in that of Ulysses, from which they were 
creeled. 



59 



ONONDAGA COUNTV 

Is bounded N. by Oswego Co. and by Oswt-go and Oneida rivers, and Oneida Luke, wliick 
separate ii from Oswego Co. — E. by Madison Co. — S. by Courtlandl Co. and W. by Cayuga 
Co. and coniains 11,407 iiilutbilant!,, of whom 59 are Slaves. 

Rubers, Creeks, kx. — Part of Seneca, Oswego, and Onondapa rivers; Salina river (or On- 
ondaga Outlet ;) Skaneatelcs Outlet ; Onondaga, Nine Mile, Butternut, and Limestone creeks ; 
the head waters of Tioughnioglia river ; part of Chitleuingo creek, iic. 

Lakes, &w. — Onondaga, Oiisco, Skaneateles and Fislj lakes; part of Oneida and Cross 
laked ; tbe Green lakes or ponds, kc. 

[Some hilly country.] 



Town.";- 

CamilluB 

Cicero t 

Fabius 
Lysander 



RJanlius 



Marcellus 

Onondaga 
Otisco 



TuUy t 



Inbab. 



5791 



1303 

2494 
1723 



0372 



6501 

5552 
1726 



Pompey 6701 

SpalTord \ 1294 

Salina (5) 1814 



1191 



(a) This village was once called " 
only. 

(A) The Great Salt Springs are in 
Ttiarxin. 



Villages and oltar places. 

Elbridge ;\ 1G5 

Jordan ; 167 

CamUlus ;\ 155 # 
Ionia- 1 
Bridgeport ; 

Three River Point ; 158 
Cliittening-Landing. 

Fabius. t ^'^^ 
Baldtvinsville ; f 
Snow's Bridge. 

Manlius [inc.] (a) \ 137 

1 JamesviUe;\ 142 

Fayetteville ; \ 1S6 

. Edgleville; 135 

Orville ; ] 141 

Youngsville ; 144 
r Four Corners ; 

Manlius Centre : 140 
Green Lakes ; 
Deep Spring. 

1 Skaneateles ; \ 16S 

t Marcellus ;\ 157 

^ 4 ClintonviUe ;\ 160 

I Borodina;t 155 
I Marietta, t 

f2 Onondaga Hollow ; \ 147 

\ 3 Onondaga fVest-HiU ; * \ 149 

( Onondaga {Ind.) Castle. 150 

4 Amber. \ 155 

( 3 Pompey ; \ 144 

I 4 Delphi;] 136 

^ Pompey West- Hill ;\ 147 

I Oran;t 13f» 
I Pompey East Hollow. 

154 

"2. Salina ; \ 150 

3 Si/raruse ; ] 148 
i 4 Liverpool ; \ 153 

4 Gtddrshurgh ; \ 151 
\^ Corinth. 

TuUy-Flats^ 152 

Deme"— then " Manlius Square"— but now" Maulius' 
this towTJ) aroand the Onond^a Lakr. in and n^ar its 



60. 

CAYUGA COUNTS 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario— E. and N. E. by Oswego Co.— E. by On- 
ondaga and Courtlandt Go's. — S. by Tompkins Co. and W. by Seneca Co. 
and Cayuga Lake, which separates a pal-t of it from the said Co. and con- 
tains 38,897 inhabitants, of whom 48 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, ^'c. — Part of Seneca river ; Owasco Outlet ; part of (Cayu- 
ga) Salmon creek ; Owasco Inlet, and other creeks. 

Lakes, Sfc. — Owasco Lake ; part of Ontario, Cayuga, Skaneateles, and 
Cross Lakes — Duck and other ponds, and Nine Mile Bay. 
[Valuable Salt Springs.] 

' ■ villages and other places. 



Towns. 



Aurelius 



7923 



Brutus 


3579 


Catof 
Conquest (o) f 


4021 


Genoa 


2585 


Ira (a) 
Locke 


2559 


Mentz 


3010 


Owasco t 


1290 


Serapronius j 


5033 



Scipiof 



3105 



792 



1 Auburn [inc.] * f 

2 Cayuga ; \ 
Union Springs, f 

3 Brutus — at ? , 

Weed's Basin. ^ ^ 

4 Cato- Corners. 

4 King''s Ferry ; ■)■ 

Genoa (late Tetertown •,)t 
Indian-Fields. \ 

3 Locke, t 
2 Bucksville ; 

2 Montezuma ; f 

3 Throopsville. f 

4 Montville ; 
Kelloggsville ; f 

4 Moravia. 
' 2 Aurora ; \ 
4 Levana ; 

Poplar Ridge ; j 

North Scipio ; t 

Cayuga Castle. 



170 
179 

182 

172 



185 
180 



170 
173 
176 
171 

168 
163 

164 
183 
184 
178 



185 



Sterling f 
Victory {a) 

{a) The pupulation of these three new towns included in that of Cato. 

ALLEGANY COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Genesee and Livingston Co's. — E. by Steuben Co. — S. by Pennsylvania, 
and W. by Cattaraugus and Genesee Co's. and contains 9,330 inJiabitants, of ivhom 17 are 
slaves. 

Rivers and Creeks. — Genesee river ; Conicodeo and other head waters of Canisteo river 
(the N. W. branch of the Susquehannah ;) the head waters of Cattaraugus creek, which falls 
into Lake Erie : the head waters of Olean, Oswaj'a, and other creeks, (which fall into the 
Allegany river, the chief branch of the Ohio ;) Caneadea, Van Campen's, and other creeks, 
which fall into the Genesee. [The country, though not mountainous, is of course very high.] 
"" ' ' ' Villages and other places. 



Towns. 


inhab. 


Alfred 


1701 


Almond (a) 




Angelica 


1.010 


Caneadea 


696 


Centreville 


421 


Cuba [b) 


fk 


Friendship 


662 


Hume (c) 




Independence (a) 




Nunda 


1188 


Ossian 


921 


Pike 


1622 


Ruahford 


009 



(a) [Taken from Alfred.] 
I 1 Angelica ; * t 
I Philipsburgh Mills ; 

Belvidere. 

Seneca Indian Village. 

{b) [Taken from Friendship.] 

(c) [Taken from Pike.] 
(a) [Taken from Alfred.] 
2 JSTunda. 



285 



288 



281 



(J I 



SENECA COUNTY 

Is hounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Cayuga Co. and Lake, S. by Tonipkin3 
Co. and W. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from Ontario Co. and also 
by said Co. and contains 23,611) iiiliabitants, of whom 84 are slaves. 

Rii'trs Sf Creeks. — Seneca Outlet, part <if Seneca river, part of Canandaigua 
(or Clyde) river; Tuckyhaiiiiock creek, &i.c. 

Lakes, Bays, Sfc. — Part of Ontario, Cayug;a, and Seneca Lakes ; Port Bay, 
East Bay, Little Sodus Buy, and part of (jreat Sodus Bay, allin Lake Ontario. 
[Several Salt Sjirings.] 
Iiiliab. 



Towns. 
Covert 

Fayette 
Galen f 



Junius f 



Ovid 



Romulus f 



Wolcott f 



3439 



2869 



£979 



5113 



2654 



3698 



2867 



Villages and other places. 




4 Farmer ; f 


196 


Ingersol's Store, t 




4 Scawyace ; 


187 


Canoga Springs. 


190 


3 Clyde late f 




Lauraville. at V | 


186 


the Block House ; ) 




Galen Salt Works. 




1 Waterloo ; * t 


187 


3 Seneca- Falls ; f 


182 


4 West Cayuga : 


180 


Crane Town. 





^ 2 Ovid [inc.] f 



Bailey Town. 
f 3 Lancaster ; t 
I 4 nipple Town ; 
j Plymouth ; 
[ De Mott's Store, f 
( 3 Port Glasgou) ; t 
I Manis^s Mills ; 

Port Bay ; 

Wolcott East ; t 
(^ Sloop Landing. 



205 



200 



202 



205 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Monroe Co. E. by Ontario Co. S. by Steuben and Allegany 
Counties, and W. by Genesee Co. and contains 18,444 inhabitants, [a) 

Rivers, Creeks, Lakes, ^'c. — Part of Genesee river; part of Honeoye Outlet ; 
Canaseraga, Casequa, and Canesus Creeks ; and the head waters of Conhoc- 
ton river ; Canesus Lake, and |)art of Hemlock Lake. 



Towns. 
Avon (a) 

Caledonia (a) 

Geneseo 
Groveland t 
Lima 
Livonia 
Leicester f 
Mount Morris 
Sparta t 
Springwatcr 
York t 



Inliab. 
1933 

2645 

1598 
1273 
1963 
2427 
1331 
1002 
1475 
11.04 
1729 



Villages and other places. 

2 Avon. \ 

3 Caledonia — at ) 

Big Spring. 5 ' 

1 Geiie.ieo. * \ 

3 WiUiumsburgh. 
8 Lima, f 
Livonia, f 

2 Moscow, t 

3 Mount Morris, t 



Canewagus Resenation. 



130 

240 

238 
240 
225 
228 
243 
245 
248 
230 
241 



(a) No slaves, unless a small portion of iho .3.5 in Genesee ttefore ihc division : and the 
town of Avon now includes a pan <>( tin- population ol" Rush jh aJJttion lo thf>numb»Ts set 
against it— on the other hand, the population wl against Caledonia includes all that of Wheat- 
land in Monroe County, as the census was taken before the division. 



62 



ONTARIO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Seneca Co. and Seneca Lake, S. by 
Steuben Co. and W. by Livingston and Monroe counties, and contains 61,185 
inhabitants, and no slaves, (a) 

Lakes, Sfc. — Canandaigua, Scaraeatica, Honeoye, and part of Hemlock lake ; 
part of Seneca Lake which separates part of this Co. from Seneca Co. and 
part of Crooked and Ontario Lakes. 

Rivers, Creeks, &.c. — Part of Canandaigua river; Hemlock and Honeoye 
Outlets; Mud, Flint, Red, and Salmon creeks ; the Outletof Crooked lake, fee. 

Bays. — Part of Great Sodus Bay in Lake Ontario. 
[Some Salt Springs.] 

Inhab. 



Towns. 



Benton f 



Villages and other places. 



3357 



Bloomfield t 


3621 


Bristol t 


£429 


Canandaigua 


4680 


Farmington t 


4214 


Gorham f 
Italy 


3991 
728 


Jerusalem t 


1610 


Lyons 


3972 


Manchester [h) 




Middlesex f 


2718 


Milo 
Naples 
Ontario f 


2612 
1038 

£233 


Phelps t 


5688 


Palmyra 
Richmond 


3724 
2765 


Seneca 


4802 


Sodus t 


2013 


Victor 


2084 


Williamson f 


2521 



3 Penn Yan ; f 


£06 


Hopetown ; 




Cashong. 




3 West Bloomfield ; f 


£20 


East Bloomfield. f 


215 




217 


1 Canandaigua [inc.]? ^. 
with 3 churches. ^ ' 


^ns 


^vO 


4 JVew-Salem ; 


214 


Brownville. 




Chapin's 3Iills. 


200 


Mount Calvary ; 




Friends' Settlement. 


210 


3 Lyons, f 


196 


3 Manchester; f 


212 


Sulphur Spring. 




4 Rushville ; f 


209 


West River. | 




Part of Penn Yan. (c) 




4 Miples. t 


216 


Inman's Cross Roads. + 


224 


3 Vienna; \ 


197 


4 Orleans. 




3 Palmyra [inc.] f 


210 


Richmond {m\l.)j 


225 


2 Geneva [inc.] ) . 
3 churches. ^ ' 


192 


3 Troupsville ; 


211 


Arms's Cross Roads, f 




Victor, f 


218 


4 Pultneyville;] 


216 


Williamson South ; \ 




Rogers's Cross Roads, f 





(o) In ISSO^Qiilario contained 87,540 inJiahitants ; but in 182T, part of this county and part 
of Genesee were erected into new counties by the names of Monroe and Livingston, leaving 
the populationof Ontario as above. Genesee county also contained 58,093 inhabitants in 1820, 
but since the above named division, only 40,200, as in the Table of " Progressive Popula- 
tion," ante, page 32, and post, page G4. 

(b) The population of this town, which was lately erected from Farmington, is included in 
that of the latter. 

(c) A small part only of this village lies on the south side of the outlet of the Crooked lake, 
m the town of Milo. 



66 



iMONROE COUN'IT 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. Iiy Ontario Co. S. by Livingston Co. and 
W. by GeneBce Co. and contains •iG,;!^.') inhtibita)its. (a) 

Rivers, Lakes, ^-c. — Genesee river; Geruiuk-gut (or Irondoquot) and Stone 
creeks; part of Black, Allen's, Sahnon, Sandy, and other creeks ; and Gerun- 
degut and Braddock's Bays, and part of Lake Ontario. 

ces. 

238 

235 

255 

236 
240 

232 

245 
248 

227 

221 

231 

244 
254 
237 

(a) Of slaves, the same thing is to be remarked as in the note to Livingston county ; the 
same also, as to the popuJation of Rush and Wheatland. As to Carthage, since both Laura- 
ville and the river from the junction of Mud creek wiili Canandaigua river [or outJeil are now 
generally called " Clyde,'' 1 have set down " Carthage" first, as the proper name still, though 
this village too is sometimes called " Clyde." But as there is also a Carthage in Jefferson 
county, and "almost" one in Dutchess, if the Monroe Cartliaginiaiis themselves still insist, 
" Delenda est Carthago" ^-esto dc\eia : and let the Clydes perple.x and confound each other, 
or one of tbem assume a different name, as it may seem meet to those concerned. 



Towns. 


Inliab. 




Villages and other places. 


Brighton 


1972 


(3 


Carthacre, ? , 

or Clyde ;i ("' ^ 
Brighton, t 


Clarkson 


1612 


3 


Clarkson. \ 


Chili (6) 






(b) [Taken from Riga.] 






( 1 


Rochesterville [inc.] * t 


Gates t 


2643 


<3 


Charlotte ; t 
Hampton's Landing. 


Henrietta 


2181 






Mendon t 


2012 






Ogden 


1435 






Parnaa t 


1342 




Braddock's Bay. 


Penrteld 


3244 


2 


Penfeld. t 


Perrinton t 


1664 






Pittsford 


1582 


r 


Pittsford ; t 
Hanford's Landing. 


Rush (a) 


1701 






Riga t 


3139 




West Puitney. 


Sweden t 


2716 


3 


Lawrence. 


Wheatland la) 






ScottsviUe. 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, K. by Genesee Co. S. by Tonnewanta river 
or creek, which separates it from Erie Co. and W. by Niagara river, which 
separates it from Upper (>anada ; and contains 7,322 inhabitants. [This 
County and Erie together contain !.'> slaves only.] 

Rivers, Lakes, Sfc. — Part of Niagara and Tonnewanta rivers ; Wilkins's, 
Howell's, Tuscarora, Cayuga, and other creeks ; and part of Lake Ontario. 
[Some hilly country, and sundry Salt Springs.] 



Towna. 

Cambria t 
Hartland 



Inhnh. 

1134 
1448 



Villages and other places, 
t 



Lewiston 



Niagara 



Porter 

Royalton 
Wilson 



3 Hartland. 

1 Letidston ; (a) t 
Tuscarora V^illagrs [InA.) 
Five Mile ."Meadows ; 
Fort (iray. 

3 Alanchrster ; t 
Fort Schlosser ; 
Niagara F.ills ; t 
Navy Island and part ? 
of Grand Island. ) 
^ 3 Youngstown : I 
I Fort Niagara, 

2 Ijockport. 

3 Eighteen Milt Creek. 

^H> The seat of ibc courts not yet being fixed, thry sit at present in Lfwislflji- 



069 



484 * 



350 
1849 



310 

316 
312 



519 

S20 

S20 

319 
320 

296 
200 



64 

GENESEE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario — E. by Monroe and Livingston Co's. — S. by 
Allegany and CattaraTigtis Co's. — and W. by Erie and Niagara Co's. and 
contains 40,200 inhabitants, of whom (with a small portion in Monroe and 
Livingston Counties) 35 are slaves. 

Lakes, Rivers, ^c. — Part of Lake Ontario ; Silver Lake, Jefferso i Lake, 
and some smaller lakes ; part of Tonnewanta river or creek, with all its head 
waters; part of Allen, Black, and Cattaraugus creeks; Anyocheeca, Oak- 
Orchard, Johnson, and Sandy creeks ; and the head waters of Sulphur-Spring, 
Ellicott's, and (the three branches of) Buffalo creeks, &.c. 
[Several valuable Salt Springs.] 
Inhab. Villages and other places. 

1496 3 Jilexander. 261 

1519 2 Attica, j 264 

' 1 Batavia ; * t 256 

Tonnewanta (Ind. Vil.) 269 



Towns. 

Alexander 
Attica 

Batavia 



Bethany f 
Bergen t 
Barre \ 
Bennington \ 
Byron (a) | 
Castile (b) 
Clarendon (c) 
China 
Covington f 
Elba 

Gainesville 
Gaines f 
Le Roy 
Middlebury 

Murray t 

Orangevllle 
Pembroke | 
Perry 

Ridgeway f 
Sheldon f 
Shelby 
Stafford t 
Warsaw 



2537 



1691 

2438 

1767 

796 



780 
2144 
1333 
1088 
1134 
2611 
1782 

1561 

1556 
2576 
2317 
1496 
887 
1158 
2069 
1658 



254 
248 



(a) [Population included in Bergen.] 

(b) [Do. do. in Perry.] 

(c) [Do. do. in Sweden, Monroe Co.] 



3 Gc^insville. \ 
3 Oak- Orchard. ^ 

2 Le Hoy. j 

3 Middlebury. f 
Holley ; 
Sandy-Creek. 

South Pembroke. \ 
3 Perry.] 

Loomisville. ] 



2 JVarsaw.\ 



250 
262 
246 

258 



250 

268 

273 



260 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Cattaraugus creek, which separates it from Niagara Co. and by Genesee 
Co. — E. by Allegnny Co. — S. by Pennsylvania — and W. by Chautauque Co. and contains 
4,090 inhabitants, of whom 2 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, he. — Oleau river, and part of the Allegany and Connewango rivers : 
Oswaya, Tusquiatossee, Tunianguant, OH, [chsua, Great and Little Valle}' creeks : part of 
Cattaraugus creek, &;c. 

[Considerable hilly country.] 



Villages and other places. 

2 Ellicottville. * f 



Towns. Inhab. 

Ellicottville (a) 
Freedom (a) 
Farmersville (a) 
• Great-Valley 271 

Hinsdale (b) j 
Ischua 1453 

Little-Valley 434 

Oleant 1047 

Perrysburgh 835 

Yorkshire (a) 

(a) (b) The population of the four towns marked («) is included in ihat of Ischua— and 
the population of Hinsdale in that of Olean. 



Oil Spring. 
3 Franklinville. f 

Friend's Settlement 
at Tunessassab. 
1 Hamilton. 



300 



295 

325 
300 



bo 



ERIE COUNT V 

Is l)ouiideil N.by Tonnewania river or creek, wliirli separates it I'roni Niagara Co. K. by 
Genesee Co. S. by Cattaraiii;us river or ereck, whicli separates it lioin Cattaraugus anil 
Chauiauque Co's. ami VV by Lake Erie and Niagara river, whicii separate ii Ironi Lppor 
Canada; and contains 13,6C8 inluibilaiUs. [This Co. and Niagara together contain 1.) slaves.] 

Rivers, Crteks, aiul Ijitkes. — Part ol Niagara river an<l Tonnewania and Caitaragns 
creeks ; Buffalo creek, (consisting of 3 branches, viz Seneca, Cayuga, and Cazenove creeks ;) 
Ellicolt s, Caui)uaga, Two Sisters, Sulphur Spring, R;uisoin's, Smokes, Conjockeda, andoiher 
creeks. 

IsLincfs.—ran of Grand Island, Bird Island, and two other islands, all in Niagara rivcr 

VilUpes anil otiicr place. 

2 frUHnmsville ; t 28 J 

Part of (iraud Island. 



Towns 

Amherst 

Aurora f 
Boston 

BufUtln 



Inhal). 
768 



128r) 
G86 



II 



2095 ^ 



Clarence t 


3278 


Collins (a) 




Concord | 
Eden f 
Evans (6) [ 


2782 
1065 


Hamburgh 


2034 


Holland 
Sardinia {a) 
Wales 


768 
903 



Boston, t 
Buffalo [inc.] * | 
Black -Rock; t 
Sprin^ville ; | 

Seneca and other Indian Villages, } 
on tlie Buflalo creek Reserve. ) 
Ransom's Grove ; 
West-Clarence. \ 
(a) [Taken from Concord.] 
Antjola. t 
Cold Sprin*^. 
Sturj;eon Point, 
(ft) [Taken from Eden.] 
Smith ville; 

Barkersville ; * 

East Hamburgh. I 

(a) [Taken from Concord.] 



298 
."510 
296 
290 

SCO 

275 

312 
317 
304 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY 

Is hounded N. N. W. by Lake Erie, N. by Lake Erie and Erie Co. E. by 
Cattaraugus Co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by the same state ; and contains 
12,5fi8 inhabitants, of whom 3 are slaves. 

Rivers and Creeks. — Connewongo river; Cosdauga, Walnut, Chaiitauque, 
Canadaway, and French creeks ; part of Cattaraugus creek, Chautauque 
Outlet, Cattaraugus South Branch, &tc. 

Lakes, ii^c. — Chautauque, Cosdatiga, and Bear Lakes, and part of Lake Erie. 
[Some high and hilly country.] 

Inlioh. Villasrcs ami other places. 

25 1 8 Mayville. * \ 



Towns. 

Chautauque 
Clymer (a) 

Ellicott 

Ellftry [a) 
Gerry 

Hanover f 

Harmony 

Pomfret 

Portland \ 
Ripley t 
Stockton (a) 



.^60 



146s 



2360 



Jamestown ; \ 
Fairbank. ] 

Sinclairsville. 
Foncst ville ; 
Cattaraugus Harbour. 

Frtdonia ; f 
Dunkirk ; t 
Buirs Mills. 
H'fstftfld. t 
Bethesda. 



367 



.i44 
335 
331 

.all 

.339 

.^60 
370 



(<i) Thepopidaiionof ilicso lln-fi; towns is included in thai of Chauiauque. ii"T'i ^Miirii tuoi- 
wer>: fnkcn siufc liic cnrni? 



isf®ii 



To all the names n/ counties, towns, villages, and other places in the State, as contained in. the Topogra- 
phical part of this Manual; v:ith reference to the pages, whereon the county or counties, in which they art. 
willhefound,with other information as set forth in the EXPLANATION o« Me second page :— 

*^,* And, also, to all the subjects contained in the Statistical j/art of the same — the lalies placed Alphabeti- 
cally afler the former in Italick letters. 



Adams 

Adams's Mills 

Addison 

Adgate's Falls 

Accobonriuck 

Albany 

Albany Bush 

Alexander 

Alexandria 

Allegany 

Alfred 

Almond 

Amber 

Amboy Ferry 

Amenia 

Amenia Union 

Society 
Amherst 
Amity 

Ammeganset 
Ancram 
Ancram Iron 

Works 
Andes 
Angelica 
Angola 
Anthony's Nose 

Antwerp 

Appleby's Island 

Apple Town 

Apoquague 

Argos 

Argyle 

Ark Port 

Arms's Cross 
Roads 

Athens 

Alhol 

Attica 

Attlebury 

Auburn 

Augusta 

Augusta Works 

Aurelius 

Aurora 

Austerlitz 

Avon 

.Academies 

£grimillure 



\ Assessors' Valuation 
65 of real and per- 
sonal properly in I 
the State 15, 72 
in each 



Black Rock 
Black Stump 
Blazing Star Fer- 
ry 
Blenheim 



60 
63 
40 
65 
40 
61 
42 
58 
58 
57 



county 33 Block House, see 

Clyde 

Bloomfield 62 

SeiBloomendale 43 

61 iBloomingburgh 44 

57 Bloomingdale 35 

Blooming Gro%'e 41 

Blooinville 44 

Blue Point 36 

[The] Boght 45 

Bolton 43 

Bom pus Hook 39 

Boonville 62 

Borodina 59 

Boston 65 

Bovina 44 
Bowman's Creek 51 

Braddock's Bay 63 
Brainerd's Bridge 47 

[The] Branch 37 

Breakabeen 46 

57, 47 Bridgeburgh 41 

Bridge-Hampton 37 



36 

49 
59 
36 
49 

49 

49 
49 
66 
39 
42 
64 
39 
64 



B. 

Babylon 

Bailey Town 

Bainbridge 

Baiting Hollow 

Baker's Falls 

Baldwinsville 

Bald Hill 

Ballston 

Ballston Spa 

Ballston Hill (Old 
C. H.) 

Bangor 

Barkersville 

Barker's Point 

Baruegat 
46|Barre 
44 Barren Island 
Batavia 
Bath 

Bath-House 39 

Beaver Creek 63 
Beaver Dam 37,44,45 
Beaverkill 43 

Bedford 40, 39 

Bedlow'9 Island 35 
Beekman 42 

Beekmantowa 47 
Beekmanville 42,46 



30 
48 
35 
41 
4) 
62 
40 
64 
17,72 
34. 



62 
43 
48 
64 
42 
CO 
54 
41 
60 

65,60 
46 
61 
24 

16,17 



.American Academy 
of L. and B. L. 

of Arts 25 

Arms, if c. 12 

Arsenals 12, 18 

Assembly-, members 32 



Bellevue 

Bellevale 

Belvidere 

Bemns's Heights 

Bengal 

Bennington 

Benton 

Bergen 

Berkshire 

Berlin 

Bern 

Bethany 

Bethel 

Bethlehem 

Bethesda 

Bethpagc 

Bettsburgh 

Big Flats 

Big Sbandakan 

Bingbamton 



Bridgeport 59 

Bridgeville 44 

Bridgewater 54 

Brighton 63 

Bristol 62, 43 

Bristol Glass 

Works 43 

Broadalbin 51 

35 Brookfield58,36,41, 

41 50 
60 Brookhaven 

49 Brooklyn 

42 Broome 
64 Bronx 
62 Brothertown 
64 Brownville 

50 Brunswick 
47 Brutus 
45 JBruynswick 

64 iBuckram 
44 'Bucksville 

45,41 Butfalo 

65 Creek Indian 

33 Villages 65 

57 Bull's Mills 65 

53 Burlingham 44 

43 Burlington 
50 Burnt Hills 49 



Bush wick 

Buskirk's Bridge 

Bussing's Point 

Butter Hill 

Buttermilk Falls 

Butternuts 

By ram River 

Byron 

Banks 

Bank-Table 

Bridges (and roads) 17 

Balance of trade 
and exchange 16 
C. 

Caatsbaen 

Cairo 

Caldwell 

Caledonia 

Cambridge 

Cambria 

Camden 

Campbelltown 

Camillus 

Canaan 

Canajoharie 

Canandaigua 

Canasaraga 

Candor 

Caneadea 

Canewagus Reser 



43 
45 
48 
61 
48 
63 
54, 
57 
59 
4G 
31 
62 
6C 
63 
60 



36 
39 

50,46 
40 
54 

55,62 
47 
60 
43 
38 
60 
65 



vation 

Canisteo 

Cannonsville 

Canoga Spring 

Canterbury 

Canton 

Cantine's Settle- 
ment 

Canasy Landing 39 



61 
57 

44 
61 
41 

56 

63 



37 
55 
46 
40 
55 
53 



Canoe Place 
Cape Vincent 
Carlisle 
Carmel 
Carlton Island 
Caroline 
Carman's, see 

Fireplace 
Carpenter's Point 41 
Captain's Island 40 
Cap Tree Island 36 
Carthage 63, 55. 42 



Castile 
Castletown 
Castleton 
Castle Clinton 
Cashong 



64 
37 
47 
35 



iM>EX. 



Cato 

Cato CorucKS 

Catherines 

Calberiiieslown 

Cattaraugus 

Harbour 

Cattskill 

Cayuga 

Cayuga Castle 

Cayuta 

Caugbnawaga 

Cazenovia 

Cedar Swamp 

Centreville (30, 

Cliampion 

Cliamjilain 

Chapin's Mills 

Charlotte 

Charlton 

Charleston 

Chaumont 

Chautau(iuc 

Chateaugay 

Chateangay 4 
Corners 

Chatham 

Cliathain 4 Cor- 
ners 

Chazy 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Chenango Point 

Chenango Forks 

Cherry- Hill 

Cherry-Valley 

Chester 48, 

Chesterfield 50, 

Chili 

China 

Chipppway Bay 

Chiltening 

Chiltening Land- 
ing 

Chocoanut 

Church town 

Cicero 

Cincinnatiis 

Clarence 

Claveraciv 

Clarendon 

Clarkstown 

Clarkson 

Clarksvillc 

Clermont 

Clifton Park 

Clinton 47, 42, 

Clinlonvillc 

Clorkville 

[ ThejClovc 37,41 

<:iovp Hills 

Clyde CI, 

Clymer 

Cobelskiil 

Cocliecton 

Cooymnns 

Coeyman's Land 
ing 

Cohoes Falls 



Colciicster 41 

CollcliLTgh 40 

Cnldenliam 41 

Cold Spring 42, 6;) 
Cold Spring Har- 

hour 30 

Cold Spring Land- 

• _ 40 

Collins 65 

Columbia 46. 53, 36 
Colunibiaville 46,71 
Columbus 67, 43 
Coles's Mills, see 

Dosoris 38 

Coiesville 50 

Commack 36 

Concord 49. 05 

Conliocton 57 

Conquest 60 

Constable 47 

Coiistanlia 50 

Cook-house 44 

Cooperstown 52 
Copenhagen 55 

Coney Island SO 
Coram 'M 

Corinth 49, 59 

Corlaer's Hook 35 
Cornwall 41 

Cornwall Land- 

41 

Corrystown 51 

Courtlandt 52,40 
Courtlandt Town 40 
Courtlandt Village 52 
Coventry 57 

Covcit fil 

Coye Neck 38 

Cow Harbour 30 
Cowasseloii 5u 

Coxeville 55 

Coxsackie 46 

Coxsackic Land- 
ings 45 
Crab Meadow 36 
Crab Island 47 
Craigville 11 
Craneiown 61 
Crane Neck 30 
Cranberry Creek 51 
Cross River 40 
Croton 40 
Crown Fort 36 
Crow npoint 50 
Crumborn Hills 52 
Cuba CO 
Cumberland Hcad47 
Cutcliogue 37 
fannls 18—23, 72 
Canal Fund 23 
Capildl — in Hanks 17 

— J\tmi II fact II res 1 3 
Hodil and Brid'^c 
Cumpaiiits 17 

— Insurance Com- 
panies 17 

— Companies, So 
rictirj!. Corpora 



tions, i,-c. not 
reof.lied by Asses- 
sors 1 6 
Cat lie — .Vo. of in 

the Stale 16 

Cities and I 'illages, 
titeprinciputoncs, 

11,12 
City of Kcw-York 27 
Civil Divisions of 
the Stale — 
• their nature and 
variety 4, 5 

— their order and 
arrangement 9, 1 1 
their number, 
population, 4" 
increase 1 1 

Cloth made 14 

CoUegts 24 

Commerce andship- 

ping 17 

CommonSchools23,12 
Table of 



Common School 

Fund 23 

Congress, members 

of 10 

Courts 10,71,72 

D. 

Danby 53 

Danford Cove 40 

Danube 53 

Dansville 57 

Uanville 50 

Dalers Works 35 

Davenjioil 44 

Decatur 52 
De Caniillon's 

Landing 42 

Deep Spring 69 

Deerfield 51 

Deerpnrk 41 

De Kalb 50 

Delaware 41 

Delhi 44 

Delphi 59 

De Motl's Store 01 

Denmark 55 

Deposit 44, 71 

Dc Kuyter 63 
De Winl's Land- 
ing, «ce Carthage 42 

De Witt 66 

Dickinson 49 

Dixbills 30 

Dolientown 41 

Dominick 50 

Dosoris 38 

Dover 42 

Dover Plains 42 

Drow n Meadow 36 

Dry Brook 44 

Dryden 58 

Diiatisburgb 43 

Duck Pond 3n 

Duervillc 47 



Dunderbergh 53 

Dunkirk G5 

Duniiiiig-Street 49 

Durham 43 

Dutchess 42 

Dutch Kills 39 
Dutch Settlement 53 

Debt, A'alioual 9 

State 27 

— city ofj^. Y. 27 



E. 

Eagleville 


59 


Eaton 


58 


Eaton's Bush 


53 


Eaton's Neck 


36 


East-Bloomlield 


62 


East-Chester 


40 


East -Camp 




East-HamburgU 


65 


East-Hampton 


36 


East -Hartford 


43 


East Kaater's kill 




Falls 


45 


Easton 


48 


East-Oswego 


56 


East Woods 


38 


Eden 


65 


Edinburgh 


49 


Edmeston 


52 


Eighteen Mile 




Creek 


63 


Elba 


64 


Elba Iron Works 


60 


Elbridgc 


59 


Elgin 


35 


Elizabethtou'n 


50 


Elmer's 


64 


Elmira 


53 


Ellery 


66 


Ellicolt 


65 


Ellicollsvillc 


64 


Ellisburgh 


55 


Flllis's Island 


35 


Ellisvillc 


55 


Enfield 


ar. 


English Kills 


39 


Ephrata 


51 


Erie 


G6 


Erievillf 


5(5 


Erwintown 


57 


Esopus 


43 


Csperance 


40 


Essex 


50 


Evans 


65 


Exeter 


52 


Flections 





Flectors{Volers)\1,T2 


Fxpenditnresoft} 


e 


State Gou't'^C, 


,27 


— city o/.V. V 


27 


Fabiiis 


59 


Fairbank 


06 


Fairfield 


63 


Fairvale 


a:\ 


Fall Crrek 


63 



G8 

l<'ajmcr dl 

Farmersvillr t;4 

l"'arinington 62 

Fayette Cl 

Fayetteville 59 

Federal Stores 46 

Fireplace ^^ 

Fire Islands 3t> 

Fisher's Island 37 

Fisb House, see North- 
ampton 51 
FislikUl 42,71 
Fishkill Landing 42 
Fishkill Upper Do. 42 
FishkUl Hook 
Fish Lake 
Five Mile Meadows 
Fly Creek 
Flanders 
Flatbush 
[The] Flatts 
Florida 
Florence 
Floyd 
F'lushing 
Flushing Alley 
Fonda's Bush 



Friendship 

Fiuances 

Flour 14, IS 

Funih of the State in 



42 
44 
G3 
52 
37 

39,43 
50 

51, 41 
54 
54 
38 
38 
51 



Fordham (manor of) 40 
Fordsville !^~ 

Forrestburgh '■ 

Forrestville f 

Fort Neck : 

Fort-Ann 
Fort-Covington 
Fort-Edward 
Fort-Miller 

Fort-Plaiu ■ 

[Old] Forts Ontario. 
Clinton, Independ- 
ence, and Constitu- 
tion, under letter 0. 



Fort Prince 

— Tryon 

— George (N. Y.) 

— George (L. G.) 

— Wood 

— Gansevoort 

— Columbus 

— Washington 

— Richmond 

— Hudson 

— Tompkins 

— Diamond 

— Lawrence 

— Stevens 

— Swift 

— Lewis 

— Greene 

— Fayette 

— Clinton 

— Putnam 

— Montgomerj' 

— William Henry 

— Crownpoint 

— Ticonderoga 

— Johnson 

— Hunter 

— Herkimer 

— Schuyler 

— Stanwi.K 

— Royal 

— Rickey 

— Hull 

— Oswego 

— Drewerton 

— Van Rensselaer 

— Gray 

— Schlosser 

— Niagara 
Four Comers 
Fowler 

Fox Island 

Franklin 

Franklinton 

Franklinville 

Frankville 

Freedom 

i-'reehold 



Freelinvii 
Fredonia 
French Mills 
Frey's Bush 
Friends' Settlement 



55, 



INDEX. 

52! its Uatiger from 

65 ] party violence 29, ."0 

49 Grand Canals (the) 18, 72 

51 > anticipated cost of 19 

■uiKtnoig\i.n 19 

opened 1 9 

to be competed 19 

tourse and cxtint 19 
dimensions, ^c. 19 

manner ofnavigatinglS 
boats and passage on 

19—24,72 
toll 20, 72 



62, 64, 71 
60 



9, 23, 27 



51 
51 

53 
"54 
54 
54 
54 
54 
66 
56 
56 
63 
63 
63 

56, 59 
56 
55 

4D, 44 



20 
revenue and henejits 20. 
21 
trade and transporta- 
tion on 20 — 22 
brandies and exten- 
sions of them 21 
villages and manu- 
factures on them 21 
benign ejffixts on the 
country. forviof go- 
vernment, and peo- 
ple of the Union at 
large 21 — 23 
H. 
HackstalTs Mills 
Hadley 
Ha?rlem 

Haerlem Heights 
Half Hollow Hills 
Halfnjoon 
Hallett's Cove 
Hamburgh 



general 

for Canal 

Com. Schools 

Literature 24 expense 

G. 

Gaines 

Gainesville 

Galen 

Galen Salt WorUs 

Galloop Island 

Gahvay 

Gardiner's Island 

Gardnertown 

Garrattsville 

Gates 

Gayhead 

Geridesburgh 

Genesee 

Geneseo 

Geneva 

Genoa 

German 

Germanflats 

Gennantowu 

Gerry 

Georgetown 

Ghent 

GibbonsviUe 

Gibraltar 

Gilboa 

Glasgow 

Glen's Falls 

(ilenville 

Goodwin's Point 

Gorham 

Goshen 

Gouverneur 

Governour's Island 

Grafton 

G ranby 

Grand Island 

Granville 

Grass Island 

Gravelly Point, sec 
Cape Vincent 

Gravesend 

Gravesend Bay 

Gravesend Point 

Gray Court 

Great I'ly (or Vlaie) 51 

Great Neck 39 

Great Hog Neck lsland37 
48 Great Kills 37 

50 Great Plains 38, SO 

SO Great-Valley 64 

Greene 45, 56 

Greeneville 

G reenburgh 

Greenbush 

(Jreenfu-ld 

Green Island 

Grcenkills 43 Henderson Harbour 

Green Lakes 59 Henrietta 

Greenwich 48. 35 Herkimer 

Grenadier Island 55 Merrick's 

Groveland 61 Hewlett's Island 

Groton 53 High Island 

Guaoos Bay 39 Hillsdale 

Guilderlandt 45 Hinsdale 

Guilford 57 Hog's Neck 

Gull Island 37 Hog. Island 

Government, ns arrang- Hullaud 
(d under the amended HoUoy 
Constitution 9 Homer 

64! of the people 28 — 30 Hope 

57 to be preserved oji- Hopetown 

64, 12 ly by their watchful- Hopeville 
4'>| nets 29, 30, 72 Hopewell 



55, 63, C5 
48 
3G 



Hopkiiilon 

Hornpllsville 

Hosick 

Hosick Falls 

llosick 4 Cornel's 

HounsCeld 

Howard 

Hudson 

Hume 

Hunter 

Hunter's Island 

Huntington 

Huntington South 

Hunt's Point 

Hyde-Park 

Horses in the State 

I. 

Inclebergh 
Independence 
Indian Fields 
Indian Village 
Ingersol's Store 



47 

49 

35 

35 

36 

49 

39 

65, 52 

Hamilton 51,45,58,64 

Hampstead 3." 

Harnptenburgh 4 

Hamilton 48, 54, 4 

Hampton Landing 63 

Hancock 44 

Hanford's Landing 63 

Hannibal 56 

Hanover C5, 54 

Harbour Head, see 

Head of the Harbour 37 

Harbour Hill 39 

Hardenburgh's Mills 44 

•65 

44 

50 

55 

40,52 

37 

48 

40 

63 

42 

52 

37 

35 



Harmony 
Harpersfield 
Harpers ville 
Harrisburgh 
Harrison 
Marshamomoqae 
Hartford 
Hart Island 
Hartland 
Hartsville 
Hartwick 
Hauppaugue 
Haverstraw 
Hav Hand's or Hew- 
lett's Point 39 
Hebron 
Hector 
45,41; Hell-Gate 35 
40! Hempstead 

47, 35 j Hempstead Harbour 38 
49 1 Hempstead Plain 
45 Ht-nderson 
43 Henderson Harbour 55 
59 

48. 35 Herkimer 53 
55 Merrick's 39 

40 
40 
46 
64 
37 
38 
65 
64 
52 
SI 
62 
52 
42 



47 
47 
47 
55 
57 
46 
60 
45 
40 
36 
36 
40 
42 
15 



Innian's Cross Roads 62 



Ionia 

Ischua 

Islip 

Italy 

Ithaca 

Ithaca Falls 

Improved land 

I ndians 

Insurance Companies 17 



69 
64 
36 
62 
53 
58 
15 
26 



Jackson 

JacUsonsville 

Jamaica 

Jamestown 

Jamesville 

Jay 

Jefferson 

lericho 

Jersey 

(crusalem 



48 
53 
38 
65 
69 
60 
55, 45, 46 
38 
57 
62,33 



Jessup's Landing, see 

Hadley 
Johnsburgh 43 

Johnson's Settlement S» 



Johnstown 
Johnsville 
Jordan 
Junius 
Judicial povier 



51,46 
42 
69 
61 
10 



K. 

Kakiak 

Keene 

Kellogsville 

Kent 

Ketchum's Comers 

Kilkenney 

Kinderhook 

Kinderhook Landing 

Kings 

Kingsborough 

Kingsbridge 

Kingsbury 

King's Ferry 

Kingston 

Kingston Landing 

Kiskidom 

Knappsburgh 

Knox 

Kortw right 



Lake Maria 

Lake Pleasant 

Lancaster 

Lansing 

Lansingburgh 

Latintown 

Lattingtown 

Lassellsville 

Laura\'ille, see Clyde 

Laurens 

Lawrence 



43 
51 
67,61 
63 
47 
43 
88 
51 

52 
63 



INDEX. 



55, 50 
43 
■12 

63,71 



Lawreiii-e Nock iiiiii 

roiut 
Lawyenvilli- 
Lebanon 
Lee 

Leicester 
Leni>x 
Le Hav 
Li-Kii\sviUe 
Lc K.iv 
Leurvnkill 
Lfvana 
Lewis 
Lewisbiirgh 
Len i^'s Landing 
Lewislon 
Le\inj^t"n 
Lfxinsjluii Uciijlits 
LovJ.Mi 
Liborlv 
Lima 

Liiumeytowil 

Linlilh^ow 

Lisbon 

Lisle 

LitclilioM 

Lithirow 

Littli' Britain 

Littl. 1-iills 

little Hug Neck Isl- 
and 

Little Lakes 

Little Neck 

Little Neck Bay 

Little Plains 

Little Stinnilakan 

Little Valley 

Little White Creek 

Liverpool 

Livingston 

Livings toiiville 

Livonia 

Locke 

Lockport 

Loi'niis>ille 

Lorraine •; 

Louisville 5C, i 

Lower Red Uook Land- 
ing 

Lowville 

Low Point, lie Car- 



.Ma«>iiville 

Mastick 

Mnlini(-o<-k Point 

Mattatuck 

Mnlleawan 

.>l.>vlield 

MavTille 

Mfcoxe 

Mi-rlianick 

M.Tlianicksville 

Memlon 

Mvnn 

Merelitb 

Merricks' 

Merritts Island 

Mfxico 

.MiAico Point 

Mi.Ullehtirirh 

MiilJUImriili Bridge 

Miil.lKimrv 

Mi.i.ll.-lmsii 

Middlefield 

Middle Island 

NIi.M1i' Soltloment 

■.lill.ll.'-.X 



.Middell(i«n 41,30,41,49 



64 
4« 
59 
61, 46 
46 
61 

eo 

C3, il 



42 



thage 
.lovd^s Ne 



Lloyd's Neck 

Loydsville 

Ludlowville 

Lunibcrland 

Luierne 

Lyme 

Lyons 

Lysaniler 

Lands (f Product! H 

Ltgiatuture 

Littraturc Fund 



Mi.ldlevillo 

>liliui 

Milli.rri 

Millonlville 

.MillerN Place 

Mill Neck 

Mill Kiver Hollow 

Mill's Pond 

Milltown 

Milo 

Milton 

Minden 

Minerva 

Minisink 

Mnflits Store (P.O.) 46 

IDld] Mohawk Town 51 



36 
3r, 
38 
37 
40 
02 
49,43 
53 
SO 
41 



50 
36 
43 
62, 55 
44 

48 
35 
47 

56 
4h 



45 



57 
68,45,71 



44 

40 

63,54 

S5 



M 

Macdonougli 

Madison 

IUa<li.>.in Unrmcks 

Mnllcry's Settlement 

Maloni- 

Malta 

Haniakatinir 

Mamaronerk 

Manchester 

Manliattanville 

Manheim 

Manecs Bay 

Manliu.s 

Manliwi Henlrc 

Manor of KordUam 

Mapletown 

Mnrl4elowD 

Marrellus 

Marietta 

Marlborough 

Martin<.)iurgb 

Maryland 

Uassena 



Mohawk I'lats 

Moil a 

.Mondiackus 

Monroe 

Monroe Works 

Montauk Point 

Montezuma 

Montgomery 

Monticello 

Monlville 

Mooers 

Moravia 

Moreau 

Moriah 

Moriches 

Morrissiana 

Morristown 

Morrisville 

Moscow 

Mosher's Mills 

Mutt's Cove 

Mount I'alv.iry 

Mount Defiance 

.MniiDl Oiscovery 

Moiuit Kduieston 

Mount Hope 

Mount Ma Falls 

llou'it Inv 

Mi.unt Misery 

Mount Morris 

Mounl-I'leasant 

.Mount-Upton 

Mount Vernon 

Murruy 

Mus(|urto Cove 

Mim'ifnctorict and 

olh" ■u:orkt 14 

^tllnv/a'turtl 13 

m u-nnfwrturing Compn- 

nir. 13, 14 

MiddUtrx Canal 22 

Militan,Hn,lt(U.S) 18 

yfilitin ai.H munition* 

o/fVnr 12 



63,41 
41 
3(i 
CO 

51, 41 
44 
60 
47 
60 
49 
50 
36 
40 
56 
58 
HI 
46 
38 
V2 

50 
52 

41,60 
47 
61 
36 
61 
40 
57 
35 
64 
38 

22, 18 



Money and Slocks 15, 1 6 
Atuiii/iccncc of the State 
17,21— 2f 
N. 
N'anticoke 
.N'lipeagc Harbour 
NniMiiagli 
Nn'ples 

.Vnrrowsburgli 
."v arrows (The) 

ol" Lake Geo. 
of York llay 
.Nassau 
-Natural Canal 

Stone Bridge 
Navy Island 
Xavy Yard (U.S.) 
Near Itockawav 
Nelson 
Nevesink 
New Antrim 
.New-Baitiniore 
.New Berlin, sec Lan 

caster 
New Boston 
New Britain 
.Nt-wiiury 
New-Cnstle 
New City 
.New City Island 
New liackensflck 
New Hamburgh 
New-Hartford 
New-Haven 
.'sew Hurlv 
New-Johnstown 
New-l\.in!;ston 
New Li'banon 
New Lebanon Springs 46 
New Lisbon 
New Lotts 
New Pallz 
New Paltz Landing 
Newpoi t 
New l!>)cbelle 
-Nen hochelle Landing 40 
New Salem 

New Scotland 45 

New Settlement 3f 

New Stod bridge 51 

Newtown 39. 43, 49,53,7! 
Newtown Landing 39 
.New Utrecht 
New Village 
New Windsor 
New Woodstock 
New-York 
Nlatrara 
Niag^ara Kails 
Nichols's Patent 
Ni.-kMvuna 
Nobletown 
North .\menia 
Northampton 
.North Blenheim 
North-Castle 
N'lrtheast 
Northfield 
North lort 
North (iranville, 

I'nirvale 
North Hempstead 
North Norwich 
.North Salem 
North Scipio 
.Norlhunilterldnd 
North West 
Norway 
Norwich 

rw ich Society 
Nose 



GU 



•iiuslakts and eon- 
futiom caused fry 5, 6 

- cure, atid full de- 
scription of, nteti- 
juiy in u'ciring- 11 

- sKo\dd he alttrtd 56 
IVaturnl cwiosities 31 

- f*i«du><i<(ii4 16,31 
News-paper* 



25 



0. 

Oak Hill 

Oak Island 

O.ik Neck 

Oak Orchard 

Uaksville 

t)lilong 

Oconeboguc 

Oirilen 

( igdensliurgh 

(Jgli<iuago 

Oil Spring 

Old Held Point 

Old Fort Clinton 

('onstitution 

Independence 

Ontario 
Old Indian Ciistle 
)|denbarneveldt, see 

Trenton 
Old Man's 
Old .Mohawk Ton n 
Old Town 
ttlean 
Oneida 

Oneiila CastletoD 
Oneida (P. O.) 
Onondaga 

Hollow 

We,t HiU 

Castle 
Ontario 
Oppenheim 
Oran 
Oran™ 



45, 4G 
3« 
38 
64 
62 
42 
3G 
63 
SH 
fiO 
64 
S6 
35 
40 
40 



Orange Nail Vactory 41 



59 
36 
41 
58 
35 
63 
63 

w; 

43,45 



31 



Orajigelown 

Orane;eville 

Oriskany 

Orleans 

OrviUe 

(jrwell 

Ossiau 

Oswcgatchie 

ego 
Osivego Falls 
Otego 
Otisco 
Otisville 
Otsego 
Otselick 

<|uaga 
Olid 
Oxbow- 
Oxford 
(lysti-r-Bay 
oVitcr I'oiul Point 



fThe] N 
Nunda 



Nyack '• 
.Nyack Point ' 
y'umts of places, same- 
ntis and jimi/arify of 
5, 6, 10 
O, Moffro/iAy »/ 10,7 1 1 Peachtowu 



Painted-Post 

I'akiil.iknn 

Palatine 

Piil:>line-Bridgo 

Palmertown 

Palmyra 

Pamelia 

I'auli 

I'lipiikunk 

I'.irma 

Paris 

lariv Hill 

I'ariK Furnace 

PHrishvillc 

Parsonage Point 

I'.^iihogue 

Piitierson 

I'awlings 



35 
64 
51 
62 
59 
56 
60 
56 
56 
56 
52 
69 
41 
£2 
67 
51 
61 
55 
67 
38 
37 



44 
61 
61 
4'J 
62 
£5 
41 
44 
63 
54 
64 
64 
66 
40 
30 
40 
42 
08 



40 
41 

40,43 
C4 
SO 
63 
62 
63 
64 
64 
5C 
47 
47 



52 
57 
62 
55 

40,41 
fiO 
37 
411 
56 
52 
60 
55 
40 

43,53 
42 



47 
52 
30 
43 
47 
42 
40, 42, 
43, 50 
37 



70 

Peekskill i 

Pecnpack 

relham 

Pembroke 

Pendleton 

Penfield 

Penn-Yan 

Perrinton 

Perry 

Perrysburgh 

Perrysville 

Peru 

Peru Landing 

Peterborough 

PetersburgU 

PetersfieUl 

Peth 

Pharsalia 

Phelps 

Philadelphia 

Philipsburg-h 

Philipsbuveh IVIills 

Pbilips's afiUs 

Pbilipstowii 

rierrepont 

Pierstowii 

Pike 

PincTcney 

Pine's Bridge 

Pine Bush 

Pine Plains 

Pittsfield 

Pittsford 

Pit (stow n 

PlainSeld 

Plandome 

PlatteluU 

Plattsburgli 

Pleasant Plain 

Pleasant-Valley 



Plum Island 
Plumb Island 
Plymouth 
Point au-Fer 
Pomfcet 
Pompey 

West Hill 

East Hollow 

Poplar Ridge 
Popplctown 
Porter 
Portland 
Port Bay 
Port-Glasgow 
Port-Lawrence 
Port-Madras 
Port-Putnam 
Port-Watson 
Potsdam 
Poundridge 
Poughkeepsie 
Prattsburgh 
Preble 
Preston 
Prince's Bay 
Princetown 
Prospect Hill 
Providence 
Pulaski 
Pulteney 
Pultneyville 
Putnam 

Party-Violence of 28, SO 
— — strifi ,its fvils and 
injury to tht State 
28,29 

happy eftcts o/ its 

cessation or 
abatement 30 
Political diUies of the 

people 23, 29, 72 

Population — 

, of the State 11,12 

of the Counties 32 

of the U. States 12 

how t mploycd 1 2 

— excess of viale 12 



INDEX. 



52 
5fi 
40 

42 
57 
.52 
57 
37 
43 

39, 43 
49 
56 
57 
62 

40,48 



Free persons of 




Receipts at the State 




Shooter's Island and 




colour 


1 1 treasury 


26 


Meadows 


37 


Slav.:s 


12 CUvof N.r.do 


27 


Sidney 


44 


of the chief places ' Responsibility of Stati 




Sidney Plains 


44 


11 


, 12 men aii<J men in 


Signal Hill 


37 


Population-Table 


32 1 office enhanced by 


Sing-Sing 


40 


Printing 


25 


our elevated situa- 


Sinclairsville 


65 


Puhliek lands^see 




tion and iibii^ 




Skaneateles 


69 


Common School and 


dant means 


28 


Skenandoa 


64 


State Funds. 




Revemu of the Slate 2 


3,27 


Slaughter's Landing 


3d 






City ofN. Y. 

V.S.inN.Y. 


27 


Sloansville 


46 


Q. 




18 


Sloop Landing 


61 


Quaker-Hill 


42 


permanent system 


Sloat Landing 


S5 


Quarantine Ground 




of. mipht be esta- 


Sinithborough 


63 


See Torapkinsville 


37 6lished, without 


Smithfield 


68 


Queens 38 


39 


reliance on other 


Smith's Landing 


35 


Queens Court House 


39 


nations 9 


,72 


Smith's Point 


36 


Queensbury 


4? 


Review of the progress, 


Smith's Village 


41 


Queens Village 


36 


situation, and pros- 


Sraithville 57,65 


Quog^e 


37 


pects of the State 27- 


-30 


Smith's Valley 


68 






Roads and Bridges 


17 


Smithsto\vh 


51 


R. 








Smitlitown 


37 


Racketon, see 




S 




Smcaking Poiut 


37 


Louisville 


56 


Sackett's Harbour 


55 


Smyrna 


57 


[Jam Island 


37 


Sagg 


37 


Snarlingtown 


42 


Raniapough 


35 


Sagg-Harbour 


37 


Snow's "Bridge 


69 


[{andolph 


50 


Safem 


48 


Sodus 


62 


[tansoin's Grove 


65 


Salina 


59 


Solon 


62 


*awsonsville 


51 


Salisbury 


63 


Soraers 


40 


Rayiiortown 


38 


Salisbury [Mills] 


41 


South Bainbridge 


67 


Heading 


57 


Salmon Creek Falls 


S3 


South Durham 


46 


«edfi,'ld 


56 


Salmon River 


47 


Southeast 


40 


Red Hook 42 


,39 


Salubria 


57 


Southficld 


37 


Upper and Lower] 


do. 


Sand Lake 


47 


South German 


67 




42 


Sands's Point 


39 


South Granville 


48 


Hemsen 


52 


Sandy-Creek 


56 


South Hampton 


37 


Rensselaer 


47 


Sandy-Hill 


48 


Souih Harpersfield 


44 


Rensselear's IMills 


47 


Sanford 


50 


Soutl.hold 


37 


Hensselaerville 


45 


Sangersfietd 


54 


South Oyster-Bay 


38 


[(liinebeck 


42 


Saratoga 


49 


South Pembroke 


64 


[{hinebeck Flats 


42 


Saratoga Springs 


49 


South Salem 


44 


Rhinebock Landing 


42 


Sardinia 


65 


Spafford 


59 


Rirhliehl 


52 


.Saugerties 


43 


Sparta 61 


,40 


Richland 


56 


Saughquoit 


54 


SpeckenkiU 


42 


Richmond, 37,62 


Saw Pits 


40 


Speedsville 


S3 


Richmond HiU 35 


,62 


Scarsdale 


40 


Spencer 


63 


Ridersville 


49 


Scawyaoe 


61 


Spencer-Comers 


63 


Ridgcway 


64 


Schaghticoke 


47 


Spencer's Corner 


42 


Riga 


63 


Point 


47 


Spencertown 


46 


Hiker's Island 




Schenectady 


43 


Speyunk 


37 


Ripley 


65 


Schoilack 


47 


Spiegel-Town 


47 


The] River, see 




Schodack Landing 


47 


Split Rock 


60 


Philips's Mills 


37 


.Schoharie 


46 


Springfield 52,38 


tliverhead 


36 


Schoharie Bridge 


46 


Springlown 


43 


Robin Island 


37 


Schroon 


SO 


Springville 


65 


Rochester 


43 


Schryer's Hook 


59 


Springwater 


61 


Rochesterville 


63 


Schuyler 


63 


Squantick 


36 


Rockaway Beach 


3S 


Schuylersville 


49 


St. (ieorgc's Manor 


36 


Neck 


38 


Schuyler's Island 


50 


St. Johnsville 


61 


'Near] Rockaway 
Rockland 35 


38 


Scipio 


CO 


Sl Lawrence 


6G 


,44 


Scotchtown 


41 


St. Regis 


49 


Rockland C. H. 


35 


Scotia 


43 


Staatsburgh 


42 


Rocky Point 36 


,38 


Scott 


52 


Stamford 


44 


Rodman 


55 


Scottsville 


63 


Stanford 


42 


Rodman's Neck 


40 


ScrilM 


56 


Stanton Hill 


45 


Rogers's Cross Roads 


62 


Searsbur^h 


41 


Stephentown 


47 


Rogers's Mills 


49 


Sempronms 


60 


Sterling 6C 


,37 


Home 5-1 


,44 


Seneca Gl 


,62 


Sterling Iron Works 


41 


Romulus 


61 


Seneca Lidian Vil- 




Steuben 


54 


Rose Hill 


35 


lages 60 


,65 


Stillwater 


49 


Hosendale 


43 


Seneca Falls 


61 


Stockholm 


6G 


Roseville 


44 


Setauket 


36 


Stockton 


65 


Roscommon 


67 


Shaker Villages (2) 


46 


Stone Arabia 


51 


Uossie 


56 


Shandakan 


43 


Stomy Point 


35 


Rossie Iron Works 


56 


Sharon 


46 


Stoney Brook 


36 


Rotterdam 43, 56 


Sharp Point, see Old 




Stoney Island 


55 


House's Point 


47 


Field Point. 




Stoney Ridge 


43 


Knxbury 


44 


Shawangunk 


43 


Stro-'burgh 


46 


Royalton 


63 


Shelby 


64 


Stratford 


61 


Rum Point 


38 


.Sheldon 


64 


6turgeon Point 


65 


Hush 


63 


Shell's Bush 


53 


Success Pond 


39 


Rushford 


60 


Shelter-Island 


37 


Sufi'emsville 


35 


Rushville 


62 


Siif-nevas Flats 


52 


SiiU'olk 36 


,37 


Russell 


56 


Sherburne 


57 


Sufl'olkC.H. 


36 


Russia 


53 


Shcrriwaugb, ste Har- 


Sugar-Loaf 


41 


Kutland 


55 


bour Head 


37 


Sullivan 44 


,58 


ttye 


40 


Shinnecaugb Plains 


37 1 Sulphur Spring 


62 






Sbokan 


4S 


ISumrait 


45 



INUtX. 



Sumner Society 

Siinswick 

SHArtkill 

Swe<li-n 

Syracu-sc 59 

Salt and Salt Springs 

U,23, 5J— «3 
— — revenue jrom 14 

Seminaries oj Learning 

23—26 
Senatorinl districts 9, 10 
Skerp in Mf State 15 

SMp-huilding 18 

Slavery, to ctose 12 

Slax-<s—yo. of, at dif- 
ferent periods 12 
Societies-^of various 

kindi 16 

StcUistieks — use and im- 
portance of 7, £i y 

Strife for power and 
pleice, incident to 
^ent publiek wealth 
and patronage 28, 29 
Sugar (maple) H 

Summary vi:TVS of the 
State, its scenery, 
becKty, and variety 31 



T. 
Taberg 
Taghconick 
Tagheonick Flats 
Tanijorc 
Tappan 
Teller's Point 
Ten Mile itiver 
Teresa 
The Nose 
The River, see 

PhiUps's Mills. 
Thompson 



6.1 1 Two Urolbers (island;)) 39 
39 Tvlersville 55 

•13 yrable of Banks 34, TZ 
♦!3 oj progressive Po- 
pulation by Coun- 
ties 32 
of Common 
Srhools and Va- 
luation of proper- 
ty by do. 33, 72 
Territory of thr State — 
its extent and fine 
situation 31 
Thirst for domination 

criatid by prosperity 29 
Toixnage of the State 

and U.S. 17, 18 

Topographical Tables 
of the several coun- 
ties — (AeiV arrange- 
vientanduse S, 7 

commence at p. 35 

Travelling — nruommo- 
dations,facilities,and 
inducements for 31 

Tui-npikes and T. Com- 



panies 



17 



44 



59 
40 
60 
50 
63 
47 
58,44 
37 

64 



Thousanil Islands 55, 56 

Three Rivtr point 

Throw's Neck 

Throopsville 

Ticonderosja 

Tioga 

Tombnnick 

Tumpkins 

TompkinsTille 

Tonnewanta Indian 

Vi'.laL'e 
Trcmainsville 
Trempersville 
Trenton 
Troupsliurgh 
Troui)svillc 
Troy 
Truxtiin 
Tuck.ihoe 
Tullv 

Tully Flits 
Tunessassah 
Tuscarora 



Ulster 43 

Ulysses 58 

Unndilla 52 

Union 50 

Union Village 48, 45, 47 
Union Springs 60 

United States Navv 

Yard, see Rrookijn 39 
Unity Mills 46 

Unqua Neck 38 

UpiKr Red-Hook 

Landing 

Ulica 54, n 

United Stales revenue 18 

PostOJices 18 

-Military Posts 18 
-Naval Staliont 18 

- Magazines and 
Arsenals 18 

- Debt in 1812 and 



42 



55 
48,53 



1821 
University 



9,72 
24 



V. 
Valcour Island 
Valentine's Hill 
Van Schaick's Island 
Vertiank 

Vcrdrietige Hook 
V'^rnon 
V erona 
I'^lley Forge 
Verj'ianck's Point 
Virtor 
Victory 
Vienna 



47 
40 

45 
42 
3.' 
■i4 
6) 
60 
40 
62 
60 
54,62 



Virgil 42 

Volney 56 

Voorlieisville 51 

Valuation (Slate) 15, 33 

by the U.S. 16 

Value nfalt property in 

the Stall 16 

Villag'S—xi-hat 11 

Villages and cities, the 
principeJ ones tsnd 
population II, 12 

W. 
WaddinETton 5C 

Wading Itiver 3i- 

Wnehkunk 43 

Wrtfliilxight 39 

VV.illkill 41 

Walliioniscoick 46 

Wales 65 

Walton 44 

Wappinger's Creek, jtf 

Ncw-Hanitiurgh 41 
Wardsbridge, see 

Montgomery 41 

Ward's Point" 37 

Wardwcll 
Warrrn 
Warrensburgh 
Warsaw b4 

Warwarsing 43 

Warwick* 41 

Washington 4B, 42, 45 
Washingtonville 41 

Washin[,'lon Hollow 42 
Waterford 49 

Waterloo 
Watcrtown 
Waterville 
Watcrvliet 
Watson 
Wayne 
Waynesburgh 
Wells 
Wenscoat 
West Batter>' 
Wt'st Bloomfield 
Westbmy 
West Camp 
West-Cuyuga 
West-Chester 
West Clarence 
Western 
Wtsterlo 
W^st Farms 
Wesifield 
West |-ields 
Wisiford 
VV'i-st-Hampton 
West Hartford 
West hills 
West Kaater's Kill 

Falls 
West Middlebnrgh 
West Middle Island 



71 

WestuiorelaDd 54 

West Northeast 43 

West-Point 41 

Westport aO 

West pidteney 83 

West-River 62 

West-town 41 

West»ille 50 

Whale Neck J8 

Wheallnnd «3 

Wh.alley »3 

Whitesborough SI 

White-Creek 41 

Whitehall 48 

Whiu-Hall 45 

White Lake 44 

White-Plains 40 

Whitcstonc 38 

Whitestown 51 

WhitesviUe S5 
Whortleberry Island 40 



52 
3y,61 

62 



8 
55 

44, 54 
45 
55 
57 
35 
51 
36 
3. 
62 
39 
43 
61 
40 
65 
54 
45 
40 

37,65 
36 
52 
37 
48 



Willctt 

Williamsburg! 

Williamson 

Williamson South 

VVillianistoivii 

WiUsborough 

Wilna 

Wilson 

WUton 

Wmdbam 

Windsor 

W infield 

Winnecomick 

Wirtemburgh 

Wolcott 

Wolcolt East 

Wolf Island 

Wolver-hollow 

Woodstock 

Worcester 

Wright's Settlement 

Wynans-kill 

IV ar, munitions of tfC. 12 
preparations for in 
p.. ace 7,8,9 

one cau3e of ex~ 
ptnse and embar- 
rassment til the 
last 7, 8, 9 

■ fVashington^s ad- 
vice on it 8 



Y. 

Yankcy Bush 
Vankey Tow n 
Vellow-Hook 
Yonkers 
York 
Yorkshire 
Yorklown 
Younp Hopewell 
Voiingstown 
Voungsville 



53 
43 
39 
40 
61 
64 
40 
43 
63 
59 



CORRECTIONS AND APDITIONS. 

The great dilTirulty of correcting the proof sheets of such crowded pages, abounding with so many 
marks, figures, itc. as the foregoing, has renrlered it neces.«ary to note some unavoidnMierrours and omis- 
sions. I. In a small pari of the impression, the words " Moiiniriins" anil " Dnii;.i/»n.'" appear instead of 
'• mountains" and 'pi in'-ipal.'" In the preface. (3d page,) l5th line from tlie bottopi. the comma before 
" and" should be strut k e>ut, and the word " the" should l«; inevrted between " and'' and •' price." 

2. In I2th imge, 3I't line from top, for niortrrs read mortars — l5lh jinpc, 2d line from top, read 
tolerably instea<l of iolerabh — 28th page. 29th line from top, stnkr out tlie comma after the words 
"while yet" — 30th p.'ge, 3d line from twttom (of ihc uolc.j the beginning of ihe quotation should be n/'- 
ter and .lol 6t/>,., tlie word " would-lK- ;" — and the 64th page, instead of " Friend's Settlement."' read 
" Friends' Setlleinfnl." 

3. In 5llk page, i.t the \illape of I TICA,in«te.icl n(" 4churrlies," read "5 churches." It should also 
»>c adiled, that the SUPHK.MK COURT, by law, now holds its October Term at Utica-the other three 
Terms are beld in Afm/at .New -York, and in Januani and .lugusl at .Mbany. 

4. Ill 311th page, town of Oyster-Day, strike r,ut " I'nw Hiirt»our," which IS in Huntington (yt. 3o 1 and 
was inserted in page 38 by mistake. In the l«th page,2tl line aliovr the words '• OjlA.ND CANALS," 
for '^ W.illalM>i;t, ' read " Wiillaboghl," as it it in page 39 — for which orthogmphy the same reason 
exists as for thai oCThr Hoght in Albany county. I helieve nobody would think oi writing it. The Houi. 

6. After the several names of Fishkill, page 42, Deposit, (Wge 44, Columbitiviile. page 46. A'ca.loum, 
(TiogaJ page 53, Madison, rMndi.Hon Co.) page 58, and Ltwiiton, page 63, read " [inc.]"— these places 
being also villages mcoTpamfetf bv law. Page 9, note ('c; for 2811, read 1811. 



72 SUPPLEMENT. 

While tlie Manual was in ilie press, some clianges were taking place, and new facls 
were received, in relation to some ol'its subjects : — 

1. COMMON SCHOOLS, cmte, page 23— From the Report of the Secretary of State 
I have inserted (page 33) a Table, exhibiting- the situation of these schools in the several 
counties. The Jirst column is a little varied, and the whole ofthe last added for the Assessors' 
Valualkm of properly. It is but seven years since the State began effectually to put the sys- 
tem in practice; and since that period, the numlier of childri^n «n7j(«i//i/ instructed in these 
schools has increased from 140,000 to 333,000 The Secretary observes, that the number of 
districts still increases anmuilbj. Besides the number of children from 5 to 15, residing in 
the districts reported, and the number actually taught therein, in 1821, (as at the foot of the 
7th and 6th columns of' the Table,) 27 towns made no reports, and 1 1 more only imperfect ones. 
These (acts, and those mentioned (page 24, ante,) relative to city and otherschools, justify the 
Secretary in estimating the number instructed, in 1821, at 375,000 — more than one foui-lh of 
our whole population : and this, too, during at least eight months in the year ! 

2. BANKS, pp. 17, 34. — It should be )ioted, that the business of ISiagara and Jefferson 
county Banks has been suspended, ami that of Hudson Bank has nearly or wholly ceased. 

3. INSURANCE COMPANIES, p. 17.— Since this article was written, teo more Compa- 
nies, have been incorporated in the city of New- York, and applications for others are pending 
in the Legislature. 

4. STATE CENSUS, pp. 12, 14, 15. — In this return of electors, manufactures, &ic. three 
towns were whol/ij omitted, no returns from lliem having been made. The number of a//de- 
.scriptions of voters is, therefore, at least 260,000 ; and all the other statements arc a little 
short ofthe acfuci I amomn. 

5. TOLL on the Canals, p. 20. — The Constitution, Art. 7, Sec. 10, declares that toll, not. 
kss than the rates named in said 20th page, "shall be imposed," &.c. and, until the Canal- 
loans and expenses are fully paid, said toll shall not be " reduced or diverted.'' It is con- 
sidered as fixed at those rates for some time, at least, though it can be raised ; and it may be- 
come necessar3' to add something to those rates, after the whole extent shall h;ive been com- 
pleted long enough to ascertain the amount of the navigation. *^* The number of boats, 
which (in 1821) ))assed the collector's ofliee at Rome, on the Erie Canal, was 2,731. 

6. COURTS (" Judicial Power") p. 10. — The Oyer and Terminer (criminal court) was not 
enumerated in this article, because it is unknown what arrangement will be made respecting 
it by the Legislature, in providing for the iieir circuit courts. 

8. CIVIL DIVISIONS (towns) pp. 11, 33.— Since January 1, 1822, and before the 4th of 
March, four neio towns were erected, which I have inserted in their proper counties — making 
617. Sundry others will be erected before the Legislature adjourns, and the names of some, 
perhaps, altered. Such may be easily inserted with a pen in their appropriate places. 

9. NEWS-PAPERS, &.c. p. 25. — I purposely omitted ilie mnny semi-ioeeklij papers issued 
from dailj'-offices, not considering them separate establishments, and desiring to be rather 
within than withoid the actual number and amount, m all things. 

10. NATIONAL DEBT — Indnstnj — Sijstem of Revemie — Ecoiwimj — Resources, Review, 
Prospects, k-c. pp. 8, 9, 27 — 31. — Since the first forty of these pages were printed, an able 
writer in the " Ithaca Chronicle,'' has (without descending to part icnlars)' given a brief and 
most interesting view ofthe happy circumstances and piospects ofthe State; in which I am 
glad to rind powerful support in all I have written in a humbler nipuner. And in relation 
to the necessity and practicability of a permanent system of revenue, even the editors of lead- 
ing papers of various and opposite politicks seem generall3' to concur in the opinion, now ex- 
pressed by some of our represeiUa lives, that soinething ■must be done. New or longer loans 
are proposed in Congress, under the title of " Exchange of Stocks ;" which, though doubtless 
necessary, on our present system, should awaken the attention of the people to the means of 
extricating the nation from such embarrassments. I can never believe it necessary to veil 
our real situation from the eyes ofthe people of this country. They are not so much " their 
own enemies," as not to be trusted with the naked truth. And for this plain, blunt reason, 
a member from Kentucky desired " to have things called by their right names — they would 
then be belter understood by the people." 

If the facts and inlormation, mentioned in pages 7, ", and 9, were collected and presented 
to us in one view, such an " Account of Stock," with such a country and population, would 
make us ashamed to borrow six millions ifearlij to pay the interest of boirowed money ! 
Cheerfully would the people support, nay loudly call for, some fair and open measures ^rarf?^- 
alty to di.scharge the debf; of the nation. And when it is confessed in the Capitol, that it is 
itow " the first time in many years, that Congress hnr gone into an examination of ou'- finan- 
cial concerns'' — an examination elsewhere should be nflener in.s;ituted. " Many years" more 
of delay or disguise would end in ruin. However pure and p.itriolick may be the intentions of 
our rulers, the people, in a government of ib.emselves, can preserve it only by " unceasing vi- 
gilance." On tliis condition we hold our libert3'. No nation ever found or ever will find " an- 
gels in the form of men to govern it." Errours, if not abuses, will occur ; and with a double 
set of governments and rulers, either of which (the stale or national) has power to bind us 
to any amount, our duty is imperative. No one, who values these governments or loves his 
country, should neglect an opportunity to inculcate it The good character and high stand- 
ing of men in ofliee, and the salutary guards and checks in ihe constitution and laws, may af- 
ford some security : but if these are not examined or compared witli measures, they lose 
their use and effect. And, at last, the preservation of all rests in the watchfulness ofthe j)eople — 
" For, if they do not guard themselves, 
" ,A11 other guards arc vain." 



w 



